Family Relationships and Family Justice in Europe: Changes and Challenges

The huge diversity in family life and living arrangements across the globe has far‐reaching implications for the ways in which families are supported and family justice is administered. Given the serious concerns about the number of relationships that break down and the potentially detrimental impacts on children and their parents, it is essential to understand the triggers threatening the stability of couple relationships, including the financial stresses caused by the recent global recession and accompanying fiscal austerity. Since family relationships are central to the psychological, emotional, social, and economic well‐being of adults and children everywhere, policy makers and practitioners should collaborate across international boundaries to develop interventions that promote family well‐being, secure the best interests of children, and ensure the conditions and systems in which families can thrive.     

Challenges and Changes in Dutch Family Law

Since the “Divorce Challenge” in the Netherlands, a lot of initiatives have been taken on a political level, from the judiciary and in practice, to improve the situation for children of separation. Experimental legislation is on its way to enable the development of new court procedures. One of its ideas is to introduce a so‐called family's representative. This new professional, a lawyer or mediator, can represent both parents in court or coordinate the entire divorce process, both before and after the court procedure.     

A voice or a choice? Children’s views on participating in decisions about post-separation contact with domestically abusive fathers

ABSTRACT

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child explicitly calls for children to be granted the right to participate in legal proceedings that affect them. Despite this legal obligation and an evolving consensus that recognises children as social and competent actors, this rhetoric has struggled to achieve translation into meaningful practice reality, particularly when decisions are being made about contact arrangements for children where there has been a prior history of domestic violence. Drawing on the narratives of children who participated in three separate research projects in Ireland between 2009 and 2015, this paper will consider the manner in which they were involved in the decision-making process and the extent to which their views were ascertained and their voices heard. This paper concludes by raising the key question of how the child’s best interests can be served if the child’s views are not sought, heard or considered.     

加味通腑汤对胃癌术后早期患者胃肠功能和营养状况的影响

目的 观察加味通腑汤联合肠内外营养对胃癌术后早期患者胃肠功能恢复和营养状况的改善作用。方法 将62例胃癌术后患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组31例。在术后常规处理基础上,对照组给予肠内外营养支持,观察组在肠内外营养支持基础上给予加味通腑汤经鼻空肠营养管滴注。比较两组患者术后首次排气时间和首次排便时间,术前1 d、术后3 d和术后7 d前白蛋白（prealbumin,PA）、白蛋白（albumin,Alb）、血清总蛋白（total serum protein,TP）及血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）水平,同时观察患者术后腹胀、恶心呕吐、肺部感染、腹腔感染、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,观察组患者术后首次排气时间和首次排便时间显著缩短（P＜0.05）;术后3 d,两组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均较术前1 d显著降低（P＜0.05）;术后7 d,两组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均较术后3 d显著升高（P＜0.05）,且观察组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 胃癌术后早期肠内外营养支持联合加味通腑汤小肠内滴注,可以促进胃肠功能恢复,改善营养状况,降低术后并发症的发生率。     

试析当前昆明市拐卖儿童犯罪的特点

近几年来 ,昆明市拐卖儿童犯罪呈上升趋势 ,并具有团伙作案 ,涉案区域广 ,侦破、抓捕、解救难度大等特点。因此 ,必须采取预防为主、打击为辅、打防结合以及加强法制宣传教育 ,建立信息情报系统等多项措施 ,才能有效遏制此类犯罪的上升势头。     

受虐待致死儿童的眼内改变

作者收集了美国洛杉矶市1984年4月至1987年2月受虐待致死儿童案例39例,非虐待致死对照73例。摘取双侧眼球在美国南加里福尼亚大学医学院眼科病理室进行组织病理学检查。在受虐待致死儿童中,发生眼内改变者约占64%。其眼内改变主要是视网膜各层的出血,玻璃体的出血,视网膜剥离,视神经乳头水肿或出血,视神经鞘内的出血和晶体的外伤性白内障。对照案例中,眼内有改变者约占28%。其改变主要为视网膜及其它眼内出血,视神经乳头水肿等,并多见于交通事故及其它易于引起头部外伤的意外。将受虐待致死小儿眼内改变与尸体解剖所见联系起来考虑,引起眼内改变的机理最重要的是头部的外伤及挥鞭样综合征。     

Detecting Lies in Children and Adults

In this study, observers' abilities to detect lies in children and adults were examined. Adult participants observed videotaped interviews of both children and adults either lying or telling the truth about having been touched by a male research assistant. As hypothesized, observers detected children's lies more accurately than adults' lies; however, adults' truthful statements were detected more accurately than were children's. Further analyses revealed that observers were biased toward judging adults' but not children's statements as truthful. Finally, consistent with the notion that there are stable individual differences in the ability to detect lies, observers who were highly accurate in detecting children's lies were similarly accurate in detecting adults' lies. Implications of these findings for understanding lie-detection accuracy are discussed, as are potential applications to the forensic context.     

对世博后上海公安机关深入开展严打整治工作的思考

为了进一步巩固世博安保成果,确保转型期上海经济社会可持续发展,上海公安机关应当创新工作模式,深入推进严打整治斗争与社会治安打防管控一体化长效机制建设,切实维护好上海社会治安稳定。     

Reconstructing the “Monsters” and the “Failures”

SUMMARY

“Monsters” and “Failures” are becoming the words of choice by many teachers, parents, administrators, and other adults when describing children and their behaviors. Ascribing the label can be constricting to the child and does very little to promote solutions to situations. Adults working with children can develop ways to look past the behavior and see the child and the child's needs, and acquire expectations of children that are in line with their development. This article explores the notion that family therapists, specializing in systems theory and parent education, are professionals, who are suited to help parents and school personnel interact with children in constructive and meaningful ways that promote development and minimize negative labeling. Family therapists can help the parent/teacher/administrator view the interactions among the components of the child's support system as dynamically interacting with one another and the child, and thus, strengthen the school-parent-community triad. Therapists, working col-laboratively with early childhood developmental education professionals, can assist adults in aligning their assessment and expectations of children with developmental understandings, thereby modifying the behaviors on the part of the adults, and ultimately eliciting more appropriate responses on the part of the children. A family systems approach to the rearing and teaching of children allows adults to reinforce the constructive behaviors of the child in a supportive and positive manner, leading to the social and cognitive growth of the child. The case material offered in this article presents ways in which family therapists can collaborate with education professionals and families in fostering the strength of the family-school-community relationship, and ensuring situations that are more child-friendly and developmentally appropriate.