Educational infrastructure created in conditions of social exclusion: ‘Kyrgyz clubs’ for migrant children in Moscow

ABSTRACT

This article demonstrates how social exclusion affects the strategies that migrants and their children experience vis-à-vis the preschool education system of the host society. We use the example of two private institutions established in Moscow by Kyrgyz migrants to explore their role in helping integrate migrant children into the host society. I examine the role the Kyrgyz community plays in the life of labour migrants in Moscow, and why private migrant infrastructure is created today by people from this particular country, though eventually migrants from other countries use it as well. I find that in recent years migrants have been creating private infrastructure in Russia as an alternative to the public one. It replaces state institutions for migrants that are not accessible to them. Migrants also view it as one of the channels for entering the Russian society and state institutions. These centres do not so much help migrants’ children escape social isolation as compensate for the lack of adjustment programmes in Russian schools.     

“子女战略”教育理念的内涵解读与对高等教育的诠释

中国高等教育迅速发展使高校招生大增,教育质量出现不少问题。浙江工商大学实施的以学生为本,以教学为本的“子女战略”教育理念,在一定程度上确保了高校在扩大招生和解决就业双重压力下的优质教育。本文提出“子女战略”的四个内涵对广大教师的教书育人有启发作用。同时,文章用“子女战略”教育理念论述了高等教育中存在的一些实际问题,指出高校的核心任务是育人,而育人必须严格制度管理,教学必须让学生提高素质,具备服务于社会的能力。     

Critical Issues in Relocation Cases: A Custody Evaluator's Response to Parkinson and Cashmore (2015) and Thompson (2015)

Parkinson and Cashmore ( 2015 ) and Thompson ( 2015 ) have written comprehensive articles outlining suggested reforms to the family law system in relocation cases. This brief article, from a child custody evaluator's perspective as opposed to researchers' and legal scholars' perspectives, highlights areas of agreement, in hope of leading to increased consensus, as well as areas of disagreement, furthering the discussion and debate of critical issues in relocation matters. Rather than an either/or approach to relocation presumptions, this article will identify a both/and perspective on presumptions for these cases. It will also focus on suggestions for evaluators in an effort to help guide ways that evaluations can be most helpful to the court.     

Adults Usually Believe Young Children: The Influence of Eliciting Questions and Suggestibility Presentations on Perceptions of Children’s Disclosures

Do people realize the danger of asking misinformed children yes–no questions? Study 1 confirmed that disclosures children made during free recall in an earlier suggestibility study were more accurate than disclosures following “yes” responses to yes–no questions, which in turn were more accurate than disclosures following “no” responses. In Studies 2 and 3, college students watched interviews of children and judged the veracity of these three disclosure patterns. Participants generally believed false reports representing the first two patterns, although watching expert testimony that included a videotaped example of a false report reduced trust in prompted disclosures. Results document the need to inform forensic decision-makers about the circumstances associated with erroneous responses to yes–no questions.     

Off-label Paediatric Drug Use for Juvenile Depression and the Clinical Trial Regulations 2004: The Impact of Available Protective Mechanisms

Across Europe, around one in four adults experience a mental health problem in any 1 year. It is estimated that 2–6% of children and adolescents suffer from depression and suicide is now the third leading cause of death in 10–19 year olds. Despite traditional Freudian teachings that children rarely suffer from clinically diagnosed depression, treatment figures for juvenile depression have soared in recent years. For adults, the current treatment trend, as advocated by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), is the use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac. For children, efficacy of such treatment remains difficult to judge as all SSRI use in paediatric care remains ‘off-label’ or unlicensed. Notwithstanding this, in 2006 the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) advocated the use of Prozac within the EU for children from the age of eight, a position that reinforced the stance adopted by NICE in 2005. These recommendations have been made despite growing concern that many SSRIs have some serious side effects. In new legislation for paediatric medicines, that came into effect on 26th January 2007, the European Union (EU) has attempted to address several unresolved issues relating to children’s needs for medicines in Europe. This paper considers the position of off-label drug-therapy for juvenile depression, and assesses the effectiveness of available legal mechanisms that can protect juveniles from harm when involved in clinical drug trials, most notably the Clinical Trial Regulations 2004. It further reviews the new EU legislation and evaluates its likely impact.

Measuring psychopathic traits in children through self-report. The development of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Child Version

The current article investigates whether self-reports of children provide reliable and valid information concerning psychopathic personality traits and behaviours. For this purpose, we developed a downward extension of an existing adolescent self-report measure; the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory [YPI; Andershed, H., Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Levander, S. (2002). Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: Initial test of a new assessment tool. In E.S. Blaauw, L. (Ed.), Psychopaths: Current international perspectives (pp. 131-158): The Hague: Elsevier], called the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory-Child Version (YPI-CV). The reliability and validity of the YPI-CV were tested in n=360 children from the general population. The YPI-CV had good internal consistency and a three factor structure similar to the original adolescent version. Test-retest reliability over a 6-month period was adequate. In validating the instrument, both self, teacher and peer report were used. The convergent and divergent validity of the three YPI-CV dimensions was examined by relating each of them to an external criterion measures assessing the same construct. It was concluded that psychopathic traits can be measured reliably and meaningfully through self-report in 9 to 12 year olds and that the YPI-CV is potentially a useful instrument for doing so.     

Supporting children of parents with mental health problems through professionally assisted lay support – the “godparents” program

Children with parents with mental health problems have an increased risk of adverse developmental outcomes. Nonetheless, services for these children are still scarce in Switzerland. Therefore, an innovative program was developed, implemented, and evaluated in close practitioner-researcher cooperation. The program aims to support these children by providing lay supporters as so-called “godparents” to them. The program evaluation shows that the continuity of contacts between children and godparents builds the ground for a relationship that fosters the children’s development and relieves their parents. A carefully undertaken process of matching families with godparents appears to be crucial for a lasting godparenthood. However, a main challenge is the acquisition of godparents, who engage on a voluntary basis in the program.     

农村留守儿童问题对策分析

作为农民工问题副产品而出现的农村留守儿童问题是我国"三农"问题的衍生物.由于儿童社会化机构的单一,特别是家庭教育的缺位,致使农村留守儿童在心理情感、道德、学习、社会交往及安全等方面出现了较严重的问题.拆除城乡二元制的樊篱,加强亲子沟通是其主要应对措施.     

功能训练配合推拿手法治疗脑瘫儿竖头不佳的序贯分析

目的:探讨功能训练配合推拿手法治疗脑瘫儿竖头不佳的效果.方法:采用开放型双向质反应序贯设计,自身前后对照,共16例患儿,功能训练配合推拿手法与单纯功能训练的疗效比较.结果:实验至第14不同对时,实验结束,实验方法有效率87.5%,对照方法有效率25%,实验方法优于对照方法(P＜0.05).结论:功能训练配合推拿手法,两者可以相互协同、相互作用,促进患儿的抬头和头控制功能.     

益气活血法联合低分子肝素和尿激酶治疗脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓临床观察

目的观察益气活血法联合低分子肝素及尿激酶治疗脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓的疗效。方法将53例脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓患者随机分为治疗组(26例)和对照组(27例),对照组给予常规治疗及西药抗凝、溶栓治疗,治疗组除给予同对照组治疗方法外,还给予益气活血中药辨证加减治疗。观察两组治疗前后血小板(blood platelet,PLT)计数、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、国际标准化比率(international normalized ratio,INR)、活化部分凝血激酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、D-二聚体水平以及两组临床疗效。结果与对照组比较,治疗组PT、INR、APTT差值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组在降低D-二聚体水平方面优于对照组(P<0.05);两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论益气活血中药联合低分子肝素及尿激酶治疗脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓具有明显的作用和优势。