Searching for Civilian Supremacy: The Concertación Governments and the Military in Chile

This article explores the nature and evolution of government-military relations in Chile since democratic restoration in 1990. Its highlights both the attempts by the Concertación governments to reinstate civilian control on the armed forces, as well as the mechanisms used by the military establishment to resist it. Special attention is given to two particular actors of the Chilean democratic transition who have played a critical role in the evolution of government-military relations in the post-authoritarian period: the civilian Right and the Judiciary. As this article aims to show, the strength of the Chilean right has constantly represented a formidable barrier for the Concertación governments in attempts to introduce the legal reforms required to re-establish civilian supremacy over the military. Furthermore, legal decisions adopted by the Chilean judiciary on human rights-related cases have also played a crucial role in the evolution of government-military relations during the past decade.     

全球化与社会主义的历史命运

全球化是伴随着发现新大陆和开辟资本主义的世界市场而启动的。社会主义发展史表明:在全球化条件下,一国或几国建设社会主义不仅不能排斥全球化,而且必须积极参与到全球化中去。我们要正确认识社会主义和资本主义的发展历程,妥善处理社会主义与资本主义的相互关系,借鉴人类一切社会的文明成果包括资本主义发达国家的成果,这样才能赢得与资本主义发展相比较的优势,巩固和发展社会主义,最终实现共产主义。     

The 1934 Southern Railway Strike in Peru

This article examines the 1934 Southern Railway Strike, a largely neglected yet important episode in Peruvian labour history. The strike, which pitted the British-owned Peruvian Corporation against its workforce, resulted in victory for the company. Drawing on a variety of original primary sources, I examine the factors that shaped the development and outcome of the strike. I pay particular attention to the strategies developed by the company managers to defeat the workers. The success of these strategies, I suggest, owed in no small measure to the volatile political situation created by the insurgency tactics of APRA and the Communist Party, which made victory for the workers politically impossible, and to the capacity of the Peruvian Corporation managers to draw on 'imperial connections' in their dealings with the Peruvian government.     

论邓小平党际关系思想的形成与发展、逻辑及价值

邓小平党际关系思想萌芽于其担任党的总书记时期 ,形成和发展于十一届三中全会之后。邓小平党际关系思想是总结国际共运史和中国共产党处理党际关系经验及教训的重大成果 ,是对马克思主义党际关系理论的新发展 ,是中国共产党对外交往合作的光辉指南。     

从法德和解看中日关系的发展--一种文化心理学角度的解析

法德两国历经百年恩仇之后在短时间内实现了和解,而相反地,中日关系总是一波未平一波又起.本文从文化心理学的角度,参照法德和解的原因,分析造成目前中日政治关系冷淡尤其是民间抵触情绪强烈的根由,并提出相应的建议和措施.     

国际经济关系信息化中的政治化趋势

国际经济关系信息化中的政治化趋势,主要表现为主权国家都力图通过实施有利于本国信息化发展的国内政策和参与一系列全球信息化协调的国际活动,达到获得经济利益和提高综合国力的政治目标,从而在确保本国国家利益充分实现的基础上最终有效地控制与协调各国之间的国家利益关系。     

试析劳动价值论对协调劳动关系的指导作用

马克思的劳动价值论是代表和体现劳动者利益的政治经济学理论.在社会主义初级阶段的实践中,我国最强大的劳动者阶级--工人阶级的内部结构发生了重大变化,新的社会阶层涌现出来.人民内部矛盾显著增多,劳动关系矛盾日益凸现.如何理解和运用劳动价值论协调社会主义市场经济体制下的劳动关系问题,是一个理论与实践的新课题.     

行政权力关系的主要构成与内涵探析

行政权力关系十分重要 ,具有极其丰富的内涵 ,主要有同立法权和司法权的基本权力关系、同诸行政范畴之间的一般关系、在行政运作过程中的内在关系三个层面     

Challenges to Intergovernmental Relations in Switzerland and Japan

In comparing Switzerland and Japan with respect to intergovernmental relations, differences are more obvious than similarities. Switzerland is a strongly federalist country. In contrast, Japan was clearly centralist in the past, and despite continuing decentralization reforms, it is usually still considered to be so today. The influence of the lower levels of government on the national legislative process remains comparatively low in Japan. Its centralized political structure seems to fit Japan's homogeneous culture, while on the other hand Swiss federalism has proven to be apt for the integration of minorities and for respect of cultural diversity. In spite of obvious basic differences, intergovernmental relations in these two countries face similar challenges: the concentration of human and economic resources in urban areas, the weakening of sub‐national parliaments, and financial strain.     

对感情是婚姻基础的质疑——兼论惟感情论的婚姻观的危害

感情不是婚姻的基础,而人的性本能需要和两性关系必然导致的血缘联系的客观需要是婚姻家庭的自然基础,婚姻家庭所赖以存在的生产力和生产关系的客观需要是婚姻家庭的社会基础。将感情理解为婚姻的基础是不科学的,进而形成的惟感情论的婚姻观更是有害无益的。