陕甘宁边区拥军优属运动述评

抗战时期陕甘宁边区在党中央的直接领导下,为进一步促进军民团结和军政团结,开展了轰轰烈烈的拥军优属运动,取得了显著成效,不仅为各抗日根据地开展拥军优属树立了典范,也为最终夺取抗战胜利和新中国的建立创造了重要的条件。     

一场“滥用”法律的反恐战争--读Power and Constraint：The Accountable Presidency After“9·11”

美国“9.11”之后的反恐行动以各种法律为支撑。前“9.11”时代的战争后遗症与对战争失败的舆论批评促成了政府行政机关内部法律制衡权力滥用与司法制衡的双重管道。“9.11”后初期的反恐战争虽然放大了总统拥有的行政权,但是在一系列司法裁判和之前形成的内部制衡机制的共同作用下,美国反恐战争的宏观与微观层面均被法律“统治”。制度的改革惯性、法律阶层的特殊地位以及舆论监督是解释法律何以在反恐战争中被“滥用”的可能动因。     

Evolving structure of collective bargaining in Turkey (1990–2005)

ABSTRACT

Following the June 1967 Six-Day War, the Soviet Union and Britain invested significant efforts in rehabilitating their relations with the Arab countries, notably Egypt. While both supported the withdrawal of Israel from the Arab-occupied territories, the two countries differed over the nature of the settlement. Still, at the UN Security Council, the Soviet Union supported the British draft resolution for solving the Middle East conflict. Cold War interests and competition over influence in the Middle East, however, led the Soviets to launch a public campaign against British policy in the Middle East and prevented the two countries from joining efforts to bring about a breakthrough in the Arab–Israeli conflict.     

Population displacement in the baltic region in the twentieth century: from ‘refugee studies’ to refugee history

This article explores how Baltic migration, and particularly the experience of forced migration, relates to broader comparative and methodological issues and debates in the emerging field of refugee history. Attention is given to the impact of two world wars and their aftermath in the Baltic, with particular emphasis on the ways in which refugees from the Baltic and elsewhere have related their experiences. The article concludes by drawing attention to the multiple readings of population displacement that historians need to entertain.     

抗日战争时期党保持纯洁性的历史经验

党的纯洁性是先进性的前提和基础,是先进性的可靠保证。重温中国共产党在抗日战争时期保持党肌体纯洁的历史经验,特别是党在思想、作风、组织建设、构建廉洁政府等方面的理论与实践对于党在新的历史时期保持纯洁性具有很大的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

The use of antisemitism in the Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War saw an outburst of antisemitism in the Nationalist-controlled areas of the peninsula and in the Moroccan protectorate, an antisemitism influenced by the work of ultra-right-wing intellectuals associated with the Acción Española review. All the factions of the Nationalist camp interpreted the civil war as a crusade against the 'Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevist' conspiracy. In mainland Spain, where there were only a few Jewish families, antisemitism was largely confined to the written word. In this way, it was used mostly as a rhetorical tool to attack the Nationalists' real and imaginary enemies: the Republican forces, the French and the Soviets. Although there was no systemic persecution of the Jews, some aggressive acts took place in Seville and Barcelona. The situation of the larger Jewish community in Spanish Morocco was quite different. The Moroccan Jews were adversely affected by the Nationalists' efforts to enlist the support of the Muslim population against the Republicans and by the German presence in the protectorate. They were also victimized by the Falangists who confiscated their property and imposed heavy fines on them. The military authorities of Morocco tried to restrain these excesses as they realized that blatant antisemitism could hurt the rebels' image abroad. They also believed that Jewish wealth and connections could serve the Nationalist cause.     

中共对抗战总体战略的影响和战争中的地位

本文论述了抗日战争时期,国共两党抗战战略的形成以及战略实施过程中的作用和相互关系,由此考察两党在战争中的地位,特别是对中共及其军队在抗战第二阶段以后的中流砥柱突出作用从新的角度提出了看法。     

论信息化战争中的谋略心理战

中国古代谋略攻心思想一直倍受世界各国的高度重视。在信息化战争的背景下,谋略心理战作为"不战而屈人之兵"的上策,正吸引着越来越多关注的目光。信息化战争对于谋略心理战而言,有利亦有弊,但利大于弊。谋略心理战斗智、斗将、虚实结合的基本特点在信息化战争中开始向战略化、系统化、重点化、技术化、多维化、全程化的方向拓展。与此相适应,谋略心理战的传统认知需要在战略观、系统观和效益观三个层面加以深化,它应跃出单纯以军事一隅来谋划国家安全利益的局限,充分挖掘全社会的心理战资源,着眼系统效益的最优化,努力构建和谐高效的系统结构。直面信息化战争的浪潮,那里有谋略心理战发挥作用更为宽广的舞台。     

中华和谐精神的形成原因、特征及在抗日民族解放战争中的作用

和谐是中华民族民族精神和文化传统的核心内容,对中国的历史发展起了重要的作用。抗日民族解放战争的胜利是中华民族团结抗战、一致对外的和谐精神的胜利,从逼蒋抗日到淞沪和福建抗战、察哈尔抗战、桂林抗战文化城的形成,充分体现了和谐团结在抗战中的作用。抗战胜利的历史经验对今天构建社会主义和谐社会提供了诸多启迪。     

中国抗日战争为世界反法西斯战争作出了特殊贡献

中国是坚决打击绥靖主义的旗手;中国是直接促进世界反法西斯统一战线逐步形成的旗手;中国抗日战争对日本法西斯陆军主力的牵制和消耗保证了盟国“先欧后亚”军事总体战略的顺利实施,支援和配合了前苏联的卫国战争和美国在太平洋战场的对日作战;中国抗日战场是世界反法西斯战争中开辟的第一个主战场,是打败日本法西斯的主力军和决定性力量;由于中国抗日战争所发挥的巨大作用,中国被推举为反法西斯的四大国之一和联合国五大常任理事国之一。