当代美国利益集团的内在运行机制--质疑奥尔森的集体行动逻辑

利益集团是政治学理论研究的一个重要行为体,在美国政治科学领域甚至形成为利益集团的研究路径.但是,对于利益集团的内在运作机制问题,学术界一直众说纷纭,莫衷一是.关于利益集团的内在机制问题,奥尔森运用经济学的方法对集体行动的逻辑特别是经济利益集团提供了有限的解释,并没有覆盖非经济利益集团的集体行动问题.真正周延地解决集体行动的逻辑,必须综合解决人们为什么愿意加入利益集团、集团意见的整合及其组织领导等问题,美国的政治生态为利益集团的生长和活跃提供了这些条件.     

Open Doors and Closed Ceilings: Gender-Based Patterns and Attitudes in the International Studies Association

In 1995, the Gender Research Committee of the International Studies Association conducted a survey of the membership concerning the impact of gender on members' lives. In 2006, the Women's Caucus for International Studies sponsored a follow-up survey utilizing similar questions. A comparison of the findings of the two studies shows increased representation of women within international studies, persistent frustration with the slow pace of progress in women's access to senior positions and in accommodating family issues, some evidence of a chilly climate for women and a leaky pipeline, and significant differences between men's and women's perceptions of the status of women in the profession. The 2006 survey reveals a marked increase in concerns regarding the tension between women's family responsibilities and the academic environment, identification of structural discrimination, and concerns that men have been disadvantaged by affirmative action for women.     

Collective Action for Smallholder Market Access: Evidence and Implications for Africa

It is widely acknowledged that the involvement of small farmers into markets can contribute to higher productivity and income growth, which in turn can enhance food security, poverty reduction efforts, and overall economic growth. In Africa, as in other parts of the developing world, agricultural production systems and their participants face significant challenges as a result of changing economic, environmental, and sociopolitical context. New dynamics in the global agricultural economy, such as the growth of supermarkets, are providing smallholders with both the new opportunities and new constraints to participate in and benefit from market exchanges. Collective action in the form of producer groups can enable African smallholders to take advantage of the new value chains and deal with existing market imperfections. However, certain conditions must be in place to create and sustain incentives for farmers to organize around marketing. Experiences from collective action in natural resource management (NRM) have shown that the types of markets and products, characteristics of user groups, institutional arrangements, and external environment need to be considered in order to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of collective marketing for smallholders. This paper applies the lessons from collective action in NRM to marketing, using existing case studies of producer groups in Africa, and offers policy recommendations on the factors that contribute to the success of collective marketing efforts.     

论共同正犯的概念、本质和成立要件

共同正犯是刑法中的一个重要概念,研究这一概念对于共同犯罪的定罪和量刑具有重大意义。在德、日等大陆法系国家,共同正犯是法定的共犯种类,我国刑法并未明确规定共同正犯,共同正犯相当于我国刑法理论中的共同实行犯。关于共同正犯的本质,存在犯罪共同说和行为共同说,部分犯罪共同说具有合理性。立足于主客观相统一的标准,成立共同正犯,需要二人以上的行为人在主观上存在共同实行的意思,在客观上存在共同实行的事实。     

关于我国刑事诉讼中人权保障问题之研究

当前在我国有关刑事司法改革特别是刑事诉讼中人权保障问题的讨论中,理论界有不少学者过于关注犯罪嫌疑人和刑事被告人的人权保障问题,相反却忽视了对刑事被害人、证人、举报人及特殊诉讼主体———警察的人权保障研究,有的甚至大声疾呼要"削弱"警察权,从而使部分学者陷入了"只有限制警察权才能保护人权"的怪圈,警察人权保障状况趋于恶化,而被害人、证人、举报人的人权保障也有被进一步边缘化的趋势。为此,应对刑事诉讼中的人权保障问题研究予以反思,以引起我国理论界、立法机关和公安、司法实务部门的关注,确保我国刑事司法改革与人权保障研究沿着科学、正确的轨道前进。     

论海商法的追偿时效？

我国《海商法》参照国际海运公约对追偿时效作了规定。本文通过法意解释和比较分析 ,探求立法者的立法本意 ,力求对追偿时效的适用范围、期间指向、起算时间等具体法律条文进行解释 ,对可能出现的时效竞合问题进行探讨 ,同时针对法条设计的不完善 ,提出了修改意见。     

谈民事诉讼中的诉权主体范围

民事诉讼中作为诉权构成要素之一的诉权主体是多元的,根据民事诉讼的理论及实践,其范围应包括:直接利害关系当事人,相关当事人及特定的非权利主体当事人。文章试就各当事人主体的概念及特征分别加以明确。     

附带诉讼制度构建质疑--兼论行政、民事纠纷交织案件的处理

对于行政与民事纠纷相交织的重合案件,学界有主张认为应当构建附带诉讼进行处理,尽管对具体的附带方式学者之间也有分歧."附带诉讼"的理论基础是"法院判决统一"论."附带诉讼"在理论上是为避免民、行诉讼程序得出矛盾结论;在实践上是为了贯彻诉讼经济原则要求.但其理论基础并不必然正当,诉讼效益的追求也经不起实证考察.文章认为,对于该类案件的处理方式应当坚持民事、行政诉讼程序分别处理,民事对具体行政行为进行全面审查,其结论可以和行政诉讼的认定不一致.     

行政复议期间不停止执行原则之重构

公定力理论派生了行政复议期间不停止执行原则.其初衷是为了确保行政管理活动的连续性、稳定性和效率性以维护公共利益和公共秩序.但是,在既要规范抖行政权的行使,又要保障公民的权利和自由的现代行政指导思想下,该原则显得没有注重对相对人合法权宜的保障.故,以有时效的公定力为基础的停止执行为主不停止执行为辅,必要时采取财产保全措施的制度就应运而生.     

行动学习法的理念与实践

行动学习是一个以完成预定的工作为目的,在同事的支持下持续不断地进行反思与学习的过程。行动学习法是通过行动学习来解决问题的方法。该方法上世纪90年代介绍到我国后引起了一些培训机构的重视,并在四川省中高级公务员的培训实践中取得了显著的效果。