Pretend It Doesn'T Work: The ‘Anti-Social’ Bias In The Maryland Scientific Methods Scale

The social constructs and methodological principles embodied in the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), comprising part of the Campbell Collaboration in Crime and Justice assessment protocol, induce a series of biases in the evaluation of evidence of crime prevention policy interventions that focus on collective social phenomena, such as communities. Applying these principles leads to negative conclusions about effectiveness; yet their inherent ‘anti-social’ bias may induce Type II error with regard to the desirability of ‘social’ interventions to reduce crime. Policy-making is poorly served as a result. This point is illustrated, first, through a scrutiny of the social constructs used, including those that typify treatments, institutional settings and units of analysis. These are seen as being constructed in a way that is congenial to the underlying methodological issue of ‘control’ but that constitute nevertheless a distorted definition of the governance issues involved in crime reduction in community settings. A model more appropriate for evaluating voluntaristic action in civil society is needed. Second, it is suggested that this methodological bias arises particularly in policy interventions and change programmes that address issues concerning the ‘collective efficacy’ of local communities in reducing crime. An empirical exemplification of these arguments is presented with reference to a completed evaluation research study (Foster and Hope, 1993).     

合同激励、失败学习与PPP项目商业模式再创新意愿的关系——失败容忍度的调节作用

PPP项目商业模式创新失败率高,政府部门有必要通过合同激励项目公司进行失败学习,进而促发其再创新意愿。首先,通过文献分析并结合PPP特殊性,将PPP项目的合同激励分为利益分配与政府承诺,借鉴组织学习理论引入失败学习的概念,在此基础上建立以合同激励为前因、失败学习为中介、PPP项目商业模式再创新意愿为结果并考虑失败容忍度调节作用的概念模型;其次,采用情境模拟结合问卷调查的方式采集到67份有效实验数据,并运用层级回归分析的方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明:合同激励中的利益分配与政府承诺均对失败学习有显著正向影响,且政府承诺的影响要大于利益分配;失败学习对商业模式再创新意愿有显著正向影响;失败学习在利益分配和政府承诺对再创新意愿的影响中起到完全中介效应;失败容忍度正向调节失败学习对商业模式再创新意愿的影响。     

我校申报创建国家示范性高等职业院校项目的重要意义以及预期效应

上海公安高等专科学校申报创建国家示范性高等职业院校不仅是提高学校自身办学水平、促进上海公安教育事业长远发展的需要,同时也是深化全国公安院校职业教育改革、提升公安民警队伍整体素质和战斗力的积极举措,更是公安工作和公安院校服务和谐社会与“平安建设”的有效途径,具有重大的战略意义和现实作用。     

“天网工程”视频监控设备管理现存问题及对策研究

自“天网工程”建设并投入使用以来,公安机关打击犯罪的工作又多了一把利剑。视频监控技术已经成为继刑侦、技侦之后的第三大侦查手段。由于建成时间短,一些视频监控设备管理层面和技术层面的问题还有待解决。对策：1．实现视频监控装备的“全寿命管理”;2．合理规划探头覆盖面;3．科学合理地选择储存介质等。     

Programmed to Fail? Development Projects and the Politics of Participation

The Eastern India Rainfed Farming Project is in many respects a model development project. A joint venture of the governments of India and the UK, the EIRFP has been successful in improving farm-based livelihoods in Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. But the Project might yet be considered a failure. It has not persuaded the poorest villagers in Jharkhand (our study area) to join or manage the self-help groups that are called for by the Project's Logical Framework. We show why this has been the case, and why such an outcome was entirely predictable. Development projects cannot be expected to change local systems of politics or stratification. But this does not mean that the EIRFP is a failure. It means that a development project will be destined to 'fail' when it is judged against unrealistic assumptions about the possibilities and merits of 'participation'.     

Black Mist and White Collars: Economic Crime in the United States and Japan

Comparative studies of crime have persistently challenged and daunted criminology scholars. For criminologists studying Japan, interest has traditionally been focused on the country’s much-heralded low crime rate. The current study examines white-collar lawbreaking in both the United States and Japan, focusing on similarities and differences in culture, law, criminal justice system response, corporate governance, and regulation. The study concludes that if Japan’s low crime rate is an enigma to criminologists, then its ample amounts of white-collar and corporate crime appear that much more puzzling. Given that the depth of the problem of white-collar crime goes far beyond adjudicated cases, Japan’s remarkably low rate of common crime is likely eclipsed by its rate of white-collar and corporate crime. The study concludes that the different legal and cultural contexts of the “law in inaction” go far in explaining the official nonrecognition of white-collar and corporate crime in both the United States and Japan.

从经济学角度谈非法入境活动的原因和对策

非法入境是公安机关外国人管理过程中的一道难题,本文试图从经济学的角度,运用机会成本、成本——收益分析和比较成本对其进行分析并提出相应的措施,以期能减少非法入境现象。     

公安信息化建设的系统反思与战略重构

我国进行公安信息化建设以来,成绩斐然。但是,指导思想与发展理念的偏差影响了公安信息化建设的效果,现实中积累的矛盾与障碍延缓了公安信息化建设的进程。在社会全面发展的新时期,应当重新构建公安信息化建设的发展战略,树立全局意识。并以此为契机,科学规划公安信息化建设的发展格局,按部就班、主次有序地推进公安信息化建设,坚持公安信息化建设的科学发展。     

Asian Criminology – Challenges, Opportunities, and Directions

Despite considerable advances in the field of criminology in Asia over the past few decades, the pace of growth has been quite slow compared with the rapid development of the field in North America and Europe. This paper discusses key features of the Asian context as they are related to the development of criminology in Asia. The paper examines the major challenges that Asia’s diverse culture, legal traditions, crimes, and crime control pose for development of criminology in Asia. It also discusses the opportunities afforded by the Asian context. The paper proposes general strategies in response to the challenges. The author suggests the importance of moving towards a unified paradigm of Asian Criminology. The Asian Journal of Criminology aims to play an instrumental role in this process of advancing Asian criminology.     

比较法视野下的东亚法律人才养成制度改革

本文对20世纪末以来中国、日本、韩国借鉴美国法学院制度进行的法学教育改革进行了概要介绍,在此基础上,对三国继受美国法学教育模式的动因进行了分析,比较了中、日、韩三国在新法学教育制度设计上的差异,评价了改革的实践效果。作者认为,比较法的研究可以为中国法学教育改革提供更加广阔的国际视野,中国建构科学合理的法律人才养成制度,必须全面反映和评估对法律人才的需求,并在此基础上进行整体性改革才能确保改革目标的实现。