试论行政合同中的诚实信用原则

从行政合同的契约本质考虑,诚实信用原则当然可以适用于行政合同;从行政合同的行政性来看,诚实信用原则适用于行政合同有利于规制行政特权的恣意行使。对于历来强调国家的优越地位,缺乏对个人权利保护和平等地位尊重传统的我国,在行政合同理论和实践中倡导诚信原则更具意义。具体适用时,一方面要借鉴诚实信用原则在私法合同中的适用,另一方面更要注重诚信原则对行政机关在行政合同中进行公益裁量、行使行政特权时的有效约束。     

中国传统伦理思想与现代契约精神

中国传统伦理思想与现代契约精神内涵有相同的因素 ,即对诚信道德的追求。作为两种不同的精神理念 ,二者表现出更多的是价值观念上的差异性。现代契约精神包含有平等观念、自由观念、权利义务观念等 ,这些观念对中国现代伦理思想的确立具有积极的借鉴意义     

Contract Damages, Corrective Justice and Punishment

This article re-examines the established principle that contract damages compensate but do not punish from the theoretical perspective of corrective justice and, in particular, the version advocated by Professor Ernest Weinrib. Weinrib argues that corrective justice affirms the traditional view that contract damages should be circumscribed by compensatory functions, and the notion of punitive damages is inconsistent with the structure of corrective justice and hence contractual rights. The correctness of this conclusion depends, however, on what is understood by punishment. This article argues that punishment is not necessarily explicable only as a form of state punishment, but may (adopting the retributive idea of punishment expounded by Jane Hampton) also be understood as a form of correlatively-structured response that redresses the moral injury inflicted by one's conduct on another. If that is the case, punitive damages for breach of contract may be justified even within the framework of corrective justice.     

The contract theory of patents

Two distinct theories of patents, the “reward theory” and the “contract theory,” are customarily adopted by the courts to justify the patent system. The reward theory maintains that the function of the patent system is to remunerate successful innovators so as to encourage R&D effort. In contrast, the contract theory holds that the function of the patent system is to promote the diffusion of innovative knowledge. Assuming that in the absence of patent protection innovators would rely on trade secrecy, it views patents as a contract between innovators and society whereby a property right is granted in exchange for disclosure.This paper develops an economic analysis of the contract theory of patents. To disentangle the disclosure from the reward motive for granting patents, we assume that the innovation process is entirely serendipitous, so that R&D effort is not a concern. Our main finding is that the disclosure motive alone suffices to justify the grant of patents. The optimal patent duration should strike a balance between the incentive to induce disclosure and the aim of limiting the monopoly distortion induced by patents.     

被保险人同意与保险合同之效力

保险利益概念在财产保险合同与人身保险合同中有着不同的意义和功能,两者不能统一适用.即使立法者在通过立法将其概念统一规定在保险合同法总则部分,以求在财产保险合同与人身保险合同中贯彻保险利益概念的适用,而在法律的实际适用中亦须对财产保险利益与人身保险利益作不同的解释.我国现行保险法对被保险人同意的相关规则存在缺失,须考虑被保险人同意的具体行使类型与保险合同效力的关系,并根据保险合同利益配置准则来缓和对合同效力的否定.     

区域经济一体化与行政契约协调机制

区域经济协调发展的本质,是要充分发挥区域优势,形成相互依赖、合理分工、协调发展的经济统一体。区域经济一体化需要法制协调,而行政契约在法制协调中具有比较优势。故要完善行政契约保障机制,以促进区域经济一体化进程。     

契约伦理中西境遇与权利差异

契约伦理是一种具有影响力的伦理类型,但它在中国与西方的境遇是截然不同的。中国传统文化中的牢固的血缘家庭关系、整体主义和漠视利益,使契约伦理失去了外部环境、主体性条件和动力机制,而西方传统文化中的淡薄的血缘家庭关系、个体主义和注重利益,使契约伦理有了良好的外部环境、主体性条件和动力机制。这些不同,导致了中国权利观念和制度的落后,西方权利观念和制度的发达。     

论《劳动合同法》对当前我国高校工会职能的机遇与挑战

新的<中华人民共和国劳动合同法>的颁布实施,引发了现阶段我国高校工会职能的嬗变,使得高校工会在民主法治建设、维护权益建设、和谐劳动关系建设以及和谐校园建设等方面的职能更加凸显.这同时也给高校工会工作带来难得的机遇和挑战.通过建构和谐稳定的劳动关系来构建和谐校园,高校工会工作面临强化问题意识、强化创新意识、强化维权意识和强化服务意识等主要任务.     

论政府采购行政诉讼中的原告资格

政府采购在现代社会起着重要的作用。随着我国政府采购实践的发展，此类行政诉讼纠纷逐渐增多。在政府采购及其诉讼的整个过程中，涉及供应商、采购人（及集中采购机构）、第三人以及检察机关的各方主体的利益，其在该类诉讼中均存在有原告资格的合理性，应当以法律规则为基础，根据现实情况的变化逐步确定各方主体的原告资格。     

合同欺诈法律问题研究

目前我国的合同欺诈现象比较普遍，其主要表现在合同的主体、条款、标的物及履行方式等方面。合同欺诈的成功率高，有受害者本人及社会等多方面原因。为寻求有效救济，应当准硫地区分民事性质的合同欺诈与刑事性质的合同诈骗；为避免受欺诈，当事人应扮演好理性人、法律人、谨慎人、精明人、有心人、热心人、诉讼当事人等六种角色。