Political theory in historical context. Reflections on Democratic Justice and the Social Contract by Albert Weale

In Democratic Justice and the Social Contract, Weale defends a contractarian theory of social justice following what he calls the ‘empirical method’, which consists in grounding ethics and politics on the observation of concrete examples of social contracts, rather than abstract speculations. In this paper, I will make three critical remarks. First, the empirical method is open to the same objections usually raised against more abstract approaches to social contract theory: by an appropriate choice of the starting point, one can justify any ethical or political position. Second, Weale’s focus on the societies that were successful in managing common pool resources appears arbitrary: other social organizations (e.g. hunters and gatherers societies) would be a more obvious choice. Finally, in following the empirical method, philosophers must be willing to import into ethics and politics the same problems of interpretation one encounters in theoretical social sciences. As an example, I will show that Weale’s position on the welfare state depends on the interpretation he gives of some practices observed in the societies he chooses as models. Different interpretations of the same practices would induce Weale to revise his positions.     

Where you lead we will follow: a longitudinal study of strategic political communication in election campaigning

The ways in which election campaigns are planned, organized, and conducted have changed considerably during recent decades, and political parties constantly employ new ideas and practices in order to communicate as strategically and effectively as possible. The concept of strategic political communication refers to an organization's purposeful management of information and communication to achieve certain political goals. In this article, we focus on the role of the individual political party in developing election campaigning. The empirical material covers the 2002, 2006, and 2010 Swedish national election campaigns and illustrates how political parties lead and follow each other in the development of strategic political communication. By exploring party agency, this article contributes to the understanding of how ideas and practices of strategic political communication emerge and develop over time in election campaigning.     

激光雕刻印章印文真伪鉴定

激光雕刻印章是当代科技集激光技术、计算机技术、数控技术、电子技术等为一体的刻印技术,已广泛应用于社会。激光雕刻印章印文真伪鉴定成为文检员面临的新课题。本文从激光雕刻印章的原理及程序、印章印文的特点、印章印文的检验方法、鉴定时可使用的特征、形成非本质差异的原因等方面进行了探讨与研究。     

赛洛新和赛洛西宾分析方法研究进展

致幻剂是一类低剂量就使人意识、知觉和视觉异常,引起幻觉和情绪障碍的精神活性物质.赛洛新和赛洛西宾是一类具有致幻作用的色胺类化合物,存在于裸盖伞属和斑褶菇属的致幻蘑菇中.当前滥用及娱乐性使用含此类物质的致幻蘑菇的现象日趋严重,由此引起的危害公共安全案(事)件不断增多.因此,对于致幻蘑菇滥用的鉴定是当前司法鉴定领域的重要需...     

秉承中国传统文化的现代平面艺术设计方法研究

中国传统文化博大精深,是艺术设计者取之不尽、用之不竭的创作源泉,我们应该如何对待传统文化与现代艺术设计的关系,如何有效地将传统文化元素与现代平面艺术设计创作完美结合,创造出有深刻中国文化内涵的平面设计作品,是一个值得艺术设计者思考并深入研究的课题.     

法律诊所教育在法律高职专业中的应用

在法律高职专业中运用法律诊所教育方式,符合高职的人才培养目标,也存在着较多困难.为保证法律诊所教育的效率,高职院校应当采取改善课程设置,开拓资金来源并挑选合适人员.     

百年来中国共产党领导和推进妇女工作的理念及方法创新

中国共产党成立后,中国妇女解放事业出现了崭新的局面.新民主主义革命时期,党在革命中直接领导妇女运动,把妇女工作整体融入其自身建设,融入其领导的人民军队建设、根据地政权建设等,高效推进了中国妇女解放的进程.中华人民共和国成立后,党领导下的妇女工作在强有力的政权依托下,逐渐形成了集中统一的整体思想和分工合作的科学方法,在国...     

检察司法理念及实现方式

为更好地发挥检察机关的法律监督作用,贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,必须牢固树立四种检察司法理念:司法人性化、司法高效、司法民主、司法中立.检察职能实现方式的转换应当从慎用逮捕、刑事和解、起诉便宜、社区矫正等方面来进行.     

当事人主义刑事诉讼与证据开示

证据开示是当事人主义刑事诉讼实质化所不可缺少的制度 ;检察官的当事人性与其证据开示责任并不矛盾 ;法治国家关于证据开示的争论已经得出利大于弊的结论。中国审判方式的改革应当注重对抗制审判的精神 ,而不能偏重其形式 ;建立专门的证据开示制度应当成为进一步改革的重要内容     

党性教育实施讨论式教学方法初探

讨论式教学方法是教师根据学员解答讨论题的情况,围绕所学习内容和要求,在点评的基础上,给学员以明确、简洁的结论和答案,同时解答学员提出的疑难同题.讨论式教学方法有利于提高教学质量和学员学习效果.讨论式教学方法对老师和学员提出了增强改革创新意识、政治责任意识和过硬素质意识.