构建科学有效的利益协调机制

以维护最广大人民群众的根本利益为出发点，从机制建设层面入手，建立和完善体现社会公平与正义、民主与法治要求的利益协调机制，这个机制包括利益表达机制、利益分配机制、利益保护机制、利益观念导向机制等四个方面，以期社会各阶层利益重新调整分配，形成一种有利于社会良性发展的的利益格局。     

政治与行政关系探析——对《政治与行政》一书的评述

弗兰克·古德诺的《政治与行政》一书作为西方公共行政学史上的经典力作，首次对政治与行政二分法进行了系统论述。但自20世纪印年代以来，这一理论却饱受争议与诟病。古德诺对协调政治与行政之间的关系十分重视，并进而提出政治与行政分离、政治控制行政的理论，而这也构成了《政治与行政》一书的思想精髓所在。     

政府多部门决策协调的研究述评

目标和价值的多元化加剧了政府部门间的协调困境,从而导致一系列决策问题。政府科层结构衍生的协调机制和制度安排调节了部门间自主性与相互依赖性之间的张力,为它们达成决策共识创造出新的结构条件。然而,理解多部门决策协调的关键在于政府部门内生的政治动力和微观过程。在文献回顾的基础上发现,决策协调过程存在“兄弟”不平等现象,即部分政府部门可以利用信息、知识、职能配置和关系网络等资源来实现权威的“再生产”,进而获得更高决策影响力。非对称的权力和权威关系体现了政府部门间动态的行为结果。它涵盖了政府部门在不同决策情境如何通过“零”协调、说服、讨价还价和联盟建设等行为方式促成决策目标或手段的共识。有别于纯粹的竞争和合作定势,权威的“再生产”指向政府部门决策协调行为的一般性特征。     

Electoral contexts that impede voter coordination

An electorate can effectively coordinate on the viable parties in its district, or a relatively large proportion of its voters may “waste” their votes on parties that fail to obtain office. Avoiding wasted votes can be more or less difficult depending on several characteristics of the electoral context. Unfortunately, many of the features of electoral contexts hypothesized to cause vote wastage have been tested piecemeal on only a handful of (non-random) cases and/or with data inappropriately aggregated to the national, rather than the district, level. Based on results from 2007 districts in 183 lower chamber elections across 21 countries, we find evidence that new electoral rules, the entry of new parties, past electoral volatility, and high district magnitudes are all likely to make coordination a challenge, with entry by new parties having the largest, most consistent effect.     

Forgetting to make votes count: The role of previous democratic experience

This paper argues that wasted votes in founding elections decrease when countries have a previous democratic experience before the current democratic period. This historical-institutionalist argument is tested with national election results in 22 founding elections in third-wave European, Asian, Latin American and African democracies. The results demonstrate that having a democratic past clearly increases coordination and then reduces the percentage of wasted votes in the founding election, controlling for the electoral system.     

Critical Review of Research Evidence of Parenting Coordination's Effectiveness

Parenting coordination (PC) has been in use since the mid‐1980s, but research on its effectiveness is sorely lacking. We review the extant research organized by three themes: (1) parenting coordinators’ perceptions of their role and function; (2) professionals’ and parents’ views and perceptions of PC; and (3) outcomes of PC, including some measures of effectiveness of the PC process. While these studies provide some insight into PC effectiveness, there is still a lack of research that uses objective outcome measures of efficacy and that considers characteristics of the co‐parent dyad, personality difficulties, or the professional discipline of the parenting coordinator. Future research recommendations are discussed.     

海域使用权制度及其反思

海域使用权系一新颖的物权,且属于典型物权中的用益物权,而非准物权。它同渔业权、矿业权、水权、土地承包经营权、国有土地使用权存在着效力冲突,需要协调。在不否认后几种权利存在的正当性的情况下,站在立法论的立场上,应当废除海域使用权制度。     

工会在协调劳资关系中的新视点

加入WTO后,我国的劳资关系更加复杂化,劳资纠纷将呈上升的趋势。在此特殊的背景下,应充分发挥工会在协调劳资关系中的作用,以保护劳动者的合法权益。     

流域治理中的政府间环境协作机制研究——以小东江治理为例

跨区域的河流污染问题不仅引发公用地灾难,还制约上下游地区经济社会发展,甚至还容易导致群体性事件,影响社会和谐.但是,传统以地域为边界的管理方式在治理这类跨区域河流污染问题上捉襟见肘.因此,需要常态的治理区域公共事务的机制,以保证跨区域河流污染得到及时、有效的治理.而工程技术层面的流域治理机制必须建立在有效的治理机制上才能充分发挥效用,建立统一的流域管理机构对于小流域治理则制度成本过高、可操作性也不强.因此,地方政府间环境协作是有效治理跨市(县)河流污染的必然选择.采用个案研究方法,通过对粤西地区的小东江(跨茂名市和湛江市)治理实践的研究,发现广东省和相关市政府在作为治理主体时都存在内生性不足,碎片化的治理结构因而最终陷入了治理困境.因此,政府间环境协作是小东江污染治理的必然要求,而这必须建立上级政府监管权威、健全公众参与和流域内地方政府间民主协作的多元治理机制.     

民间文学艺术特殊性与著作权性质的冲突与协调

对民间文学艺术进行保护已成为许多发展中国家的共识,但人们对用著作权法保护民间文学艺术,如何确定民间文学艺术的权利主体及其性质存在争议。根据民间文学艺术保护现状,分析它的特殊性与著作权性质的冲突与协调来寻求保护民间文学艺术的最佳途径。