论我国信用建设

信用就像一只“无形的手”影响并左右着每个市场主体。本文通过对我国信用现状及原因的分析,认为应该发挥政府在信用建设中的主导作用,提高司法信用,加强企业信用,保护银行信用。     

我国地方政府信用缺失的治理对策研究

在对杭州市15名地方政府干部的非结构式和半结构式访谈基础上,设计了一份“我国地方政府信用缺失的治理对策”的问卷调查表,对浙江省185名地方政府干部进行了问卷调查。在对有效调查问题的隶属度分析基础上,提出了加强社会信用的法制化管理、加快地方政府职能的转变、建立科学的地方政府绩效评价体系、完善对地方政府的行政监督机制、健全行政责任追究制度、实施政务公开和阳光行政等治理我国地方政府信用缺失的六项对策,并对各项治理对策进行了深入细致的分析。在此基础上,结合本课题组前期的研究成果构建了我国地方政府信用缺失成因—治理对策的结构模型,最后提出了研究展望。     

The Demise of Tax Credits

Introduced in the late 1990s, tax credits grew under successive Labour governments to become a cornerstone of UK social policy. Distinguished from traditional welfare policies by their target group and their mode of administration, and with goals that appeared capable of commanding support across the ideological spectrum, tax credits until recently seemed to hold the key to tackling poverty in a politically popular manner. But since 2010 the tax credit system has been systematically dismantled, initially qualitatively and latterly also quantitatively. This paper discusses the multiple factors that help to explain the rapid fall from grace in the UK of this liberal approach to supporting the incomes of poor working households.     

Assessing the Impact of Microcredit: A Zambian Case Study

Expectations are high, but evidence of the impact of microcredit remains in short supply. This article estimates the impact of an urban credit programme in Zambia on business performance and on a range of indicators of wellbeing. Borrowers who obtained a second loan experienced significantly higher average growth in business profits and household income. Inflexible group enforcement of loan obligations resulted in some borrowers, especially amongst those who had taken only one loan, being made worse off. Our methodological investigations suggest that the supply of rigorous impact studies can be increased by basing them on data collection that serves a wider range of purposes, including market research.     

失信联合惩戒的地方立法实践及反思

作为一种核心机制,失信联合惩戒在社会信用体系的构建中发挥着无法替代的功能,对于营造诚信的社会经济环境意义重大。实证分析显示,囿于全国性法律的暂时缺失,地方立法在先行先试的过程中出现对失信联合惩戒制度本身的规制缺位、失信行为的种类划分标准参差不齐、失信主体的救济措施缺失以及失信联合惩戒体系互异等现实难题。对此,应当以合法原则、后果与行为相当、必要限度以及责任自负为基本遵循,通过明确区分标准,将失信行为分门别类,完善立法设计,建立失信主体救济机制以及加强法律控制,对相关法律文件进行合法性审查,推进社会信用法律出台,构建统一的失信联合惩戒体系等举措,完善社会信用体系建设,助推国家治理法治化进程。