试论法人在我国刑事诉讼中的地位与作用

作为法律上的一种抽象人格,法人不仅是民事主体,同样可以成为刑事主体。法人犯罪已被正式纳入我国刑法典之中。法人在刑事诉讼中,可以作为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人,同样也可以以被害人、证人、鉴定人、法定代理人的身份参与刑事诉讼,享有其应有的诉讼权利并承担相应的诉讼义务。其在刑事诉讼中的地位和作用 不容忽视。     

论我国经济犯罪刑罚体系的重构

以“依法从严打击经济犯罪”为指导,我国对经济犯罪的刑事立法取向上采取了重刑主义,但是“厉而不严”的刑罚体系以其超量的刑罚投入却无法达到预定的理想效果,昭示出了现行刑罚体系的无能为力。应采取民事、行政、刑事制裁相协调,编织一张严密的法网,废除死刑,慎用自由刑,扩大经济刑的适用,完善罚金刑的执行方式,增设限禁或剥夺业务活动的资格刑等方式,重构我国经济犯罪刑罚体系。     

刍议非法吸收公众存款犯罪的特点及侦查对策

非法吸收公众存款犯罪具有后果的严重性、活动的复杂性、过程的长期性等主要特点,因此我们在侦查过程中应该注重收集证据,发动群众,通过审计工作,发现、控制、追缴、清理非法资产,采取积极有效措施控制、缉拿主要犯罪嫌疑人并做好善后工作。     

现行经济犯罪初查制度瓶颈的突破与完善

当前,经济犯罪初查制度面临诸项瓶颈,原因是立案条件过高,初查难以达到证明标准;现有初查手段有限且受限制过多,难以应对经济犯罪初查的复杂形势;初查行为性质法律界定不明,讼争纷纭。故此,应对经济犯罪初查制度进行司法性改良;解构当前的程序顺位,重建经济犯罪初查制度;构建司法审查机制,重构经济犯罪初查的支撑体系。     

当前经济犯罪的基本特征及公安机关的对策

当前经济犯罪发案数量居高不下,涉案金额连年攀升;冒用单位名义进行的团伙犯罪、结伙犯罪比例增大;智能化、技术化趋势明显;辐射面广,流动性大,呈国际化趋势;发案周期长,追赃难,破案难度大。对此,应强化法律对经济活动的规范作用;努力提高经侦队伍整体素质;加大打击力度;加强公安机关的内外协作,发挥整合效能;加强隐蔽力量建设。     

对新形势下如何遏止虚开增值税专用发票犯罪的思考

虚开增值税专用发票犯罪居高不下,屡禁不止,造成国家巨额税款流失,严重地侵害了共和国经济秩序。对此,应利用信息网络优势,增加投入,加快联网速度;树立全局观念,加大协助力度,形成打击虚开犯罪合力;落实专项经费,保障大案要案的查破;严格审核,防止利用虚假身份证及其他虚假证件登记注册公司、企业。     

The importance of dark adaptation for forensic examinations; an evaluation of the Crime-lite Eye™

Forensic practitioners are recommended to dark adapt their eyes prior to conducting evidential searches in the dark. The dark adaptation process remains poorly standardised across the discipline, with little quantified regarding the benefits of such preparative steps. Herein, we report the findings of a study that recruited 50 participants to assess the effectiveness of the Crime-lite Eye?, a darkness adaptation device developed to assist forensic practitioners both in the laboratory and in field. Participants were tasked with searching for the fluorescent signatures left by reaction of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) with amino acids, in a manner akin to the fluorogenic fingerprint treatment of porous evidence. Using an Epson Stylus Photo R265 inkjet printer, ink cartridges were filled with alanine solutions of various concentrations, allowing different motifs to be printed onto copy paper and subsequently developed using DFO. Participants searched for this ‘evidence’ both with and without dark adapted vision. On average, participants were able to locate and correctly recognise 16% more evidence once dark adapted using the Crime-lite Eye?.The increase in evidence located by participants once dark adapted suggests that crime scene officers should be dark adapting in order to visualise as much as possible. The time taken to dark adapt, 10?min on average during this study, is not excessively long, and should not significantly slow the investigation.     

Can analysis of a small clod of soil help to solve a murder case?

Soil forensics utilizes extensive soil information to answer legal questions and test hypotheses. The main difficulty often is the determination of different variables from a small amount of soil sample collected on the suspect. We developed a sequential mineralogical and chemical analyses to assess a limited quantity of soil vestiges (0.5 g) from a suspect's vehicle (adhered to the outside rear-view mirror and to the left front fender) involved in a murder case and compared them with the surface samples found at the victim's body disposal site at the Graciosa Road, Paraná State, Brazil. All results affirm that the suspect’s vehicle could have been in contact with the edge of the Graciosa Road, approximately the place where the victim’s body was located. As a result of the soil analysis and comparison, the results support the likely contact of the suspect’s vehicle with the crime scene.     

Exploring the trend of violence against women in India

ABSTRACT

India is witnessing growing violence against women including horrific rapes even in major metropolitan areas that have attracted considerable media attention. Insecurity and physical threat to women is real and a major concern. Justice Verma Commission that examined the Delhi rape case has recommended several measures including changes in laws involving crimes against women, yet little has changed. In this paper we conduct a variety of qualitative and quantitative analyses using open source data to understand the nature and extent of crimes against women in India. Police records indeed suggest a growing escalation in serious crimes against women. The paper also critically examines the efforts of the police and others, particularly non-governmental groups to combat such crimes. A number of policy recommendations are made for prevention including comparative efforts in Korea where crimes against women are similarly serious.     

Race,criminal justice professionals,and intellectual authority in fictional crime dramas

The purpose of this research is to extend the existing media and crime literature by discussing how minority criminal justice personnel are granted or not granted intellectual authority in fictional crime dramas by their representation as presenters of crime and non-crime fact-based statements. An analysis of 117 episodes from four fictional crime dramas appearing in the top 20 Nielson ratings from 2003 to 2010 indicate that Black characters are not given the same intellectual authority as White characters, and therefore are imbued with less power and status than their White counterparts. In some cases, Black characters are not even given intellectual authority within their respective intellectual fields.