“Orbiting the Core”: Politics and the Meaning of Dialect in Chinese Linguistics, 1927–1957

In 1956, the Chinese Communist state launched its official language policy, which included the promulgation of a standard spoken language, called Putonghua. Their justification for this policy and their methods for implementation were guided by intellectual and ideological frameworks that formed during decades preceding the policy's rollout. In particular, Communist language reform was predicated on the conceptualization of Putonghua as a holistic language meant to serve the national body—and of local dialects, called fangyan in Chinese, as dependent on Putonghua for their very definition. This article interrogates the history of this framework. Focusing on dialect surveys from the 1930s, Chinese interpretations of Marxist linguistic theory in the early years of the Communist state, and methods of Putonghua promulgation in the late 1950s, this article reconstructs the epistemological regimes that gave meaning to the concept of independence and autonomy as they related to language in modern China.     

贵州汉语中的若干侗台语底层词

贵州汉语中有一批词语在汉语古籍文献和其它汉语中都找不到相应的词语,但却在侗台语诸语言中可找到与其语义相当、语音相同或相近的词,说明它们来自侗台语,可以定之为“底层词”。贵州汉语中存在着侗台语底层语言的事实,对探索贵州汉语发展史和民族关系有重要价值;进行贵州汉语中侗台语底层词的研究,对保护侗台语这一濒临灭绝的、具有地方性的、民族性及古老文化特色的民族非物质文化遗产也有着十分重要的意义。     

基于语料库的“普通话”地域性言语识别技术

目的探究汉语＂普通话＂中的地域性差别,发现言语特征,找到从有限的以普通话发音的语音材料中提取出更多地域性特征的途径和方法,提高地域性言语识别技术水平,更有效地为案件分析定向服务。方法在建立较大规模的《面向案件言语识别应用的汉语＂普通话＂语料库》及查询检索系统的基础上,进行统计分析、归纳总结。结果人们说普通话时会在声母、韵母、声调、重音、儿化、轻声等语音方面和词汇、语法等方面不同程度地出现其母语方言的固有特点。我们可以采用＂以调值特征为中心,声韵特征相结合＂、＂利用各类特征的总和进行综合评断＂等方法进行识别。结论利用＂普通话＂语声进行言语人地域性识别是一种切实可行的技术方法。