试论亲属免证权及其制度构建——以新刑诉法的修改为视角

亲属免证权,是指在刑事诉讼中,具有亲属关系的证人,基于其特定的亲属身份,依法享有的拒绝承担证明责任的权利,或者免除其作证义务的权利。无论是英美法系国家还是大陆法系国家,多对亲属免证权作出相关规定,我国香港、澳门以及台湾地区也对刑诉中亲属免证权进行了规定。亲属免证权的制度构建是国家进行多种利益权衡的必然选择,体现了国家对家庭关系维系之重视与刑法的谦抑制品格,彰显了法律的人性化。我国刑事诉讼法从1979年立法至今经过了1996年和2012年两次较大的修订,均未对亲属免证制度进行明确、规定,2012年修改后的刑诉法在明确规定证人强制出庭制度的同时,赋予了被追诉人的配偶、父母、子女不被强制出庭的权利,在一定程度上带有了免证特权的色彩,却并非真正意义上的亲属免证特权。     

Private association and public brand: the dualistic conception of political parties in the common law world

This paper examines the legal conception of political parties. It does so by unearthing the history and ontology of the common law relating to political parties in international perspective. The flexibility of the unincorporated association, in which parties are understood through the private law of contract as networks of internal rules or agreements, rather than as legal entities, has proven to be a mask. In the common law’s imagination, the ideal party is a ground-up organization animated by its membership. But the law mandates no such thing, and in its statutory and constitutional conception intra-party democracy may be sublimated as parties need be no more than an electoral persona or brand.     

象形、象意与表意——论汉字审美符号的存在方式

唐兰先生在六书说的基础上,提出象形、象意、形声的三书说,裘锡圭先生对唐说提出质疑,提出了表意、假借、形声的新三书说。旧新三书说把意变成了低一层次的概念,在一定程度上消解了汉字象的因素,其主要缺陷是对汉字这种审美符号的存在方式缺乏一种特异性的自觉和同情。而汉字中或凝练或抽象的形象,往往是事物精华的浓缩和概括,透过汉字的形象,可以看到中国人的观念的凝聚。中国精神与中国知识,以仍然鲜活的形式,体现在文字的创造中。象与意作为一种特殊的统一体,在汉字的发展史中,起着深刻的作用。汉字构形中的抽象,表现了汉字写意的特点,唤醒了我们对中国艺术写意的传统意识。象形、象意,包含着象与意两大传统的交融,并通过象外之象、意外之意,开辟辽阔浩渺的审美空间。因此,我们对汉字的认识必须超越认识层面,进入美学探索的境界。     

政府法律顾问制度模式研究——以律师职业为视角

完善政府法律顾问制度是全面推进依法治国的客观要求,是深入推进依法行政,加快法治政府建设的需要。因此,应加大政府法律顾问对政府工作的参与程度,建立以发现和预防为主的政府法律顾问制度工作机制,准确定位顾问律师与政府之间的关系,保证顾问律师的独立性。     

Sexual offending as a public health problem: A north american perspective

Abstract

This paper argues that we should cease treating sexual offending as a problem best dealt with by psychology, medicine, or law. Sexual offending, like mental illness, alcoholism, or drug addiction, is a public health problem, one that is everyone's business. The paper first considers the traditional levels of prevention in public health: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The argument is made that most of our efforts have been directed to the tertiary level where they are least likely to be effective. Applications of the general public health model to sexual violence are considered. These include epidemiology, risk factor research, program evaluation, and dissemination of information on what works. Various methods for informing and educating the public about sexual violence are proposed. The paper concludes with suggestions on how harm can be minimised through the use of a public health approach.     

论死亡保险金的非遗产化处理——基于对《保险法》第四十二条第一款的分析

我国《保险法》第42条第1款规定,死亡保险金在无指定受益人的情形下作为被保险人的遗产,由保险人依照继承法的规定履行给付保险金的义务.该规定混淆了死亡保险金与遗产,受益权与继承权,以及保险关系与继承关系.死亡保险金不能成为被保险人的遗产,《保险法》第42条第1款应当按照保险金的本来属性进行修改.保险法应当建立法定受益人制度,以解决无指定受益人情形下保险金的给付问题.     

论行政前置对拒不支付劳动报酬罪犯罪构成的影响

《刑法修正案(八)》将情节严重的拒不支付劳动报酬的行为规定为犯罪,立法旨在于通过这种严厉的刑罚措施,对劳动者的合法权益进行更好的保护。肯定的是,欠薪入罪能够从某种程度上缓解用人单位不支付劳动报酬的问题,但是由于社会关系尤其是劳动关系的复杂性以及拒不支付劳动报酬罪司法实践中遇到的各种问题,如行政机关工作的不确定性,行政机关和司法机关的工作衔接的不稳定性,该立法并未能更好地对劳动者权益进行保护。行政前置具有何种地位、有关部门如何界定、责令的方式和性质如何确定,都是拒不支付劳动报酬罪中值得研究的问题。"行政前置"的增设从某种程度上来说存在不合理处。(1)     

The Day‐to‐Day Life of a Dean: Engaging in Negotiations and negotiations

This article analyzes the negotiating strategies and tactics that proved useful during my eight‐year stint as dean of the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations during the 1970s. David Lax and James Sebenius have paved the way with their pioneering work on The Manager as Negotiator. By taking this perspective to the academic setting, I have identified a portfolio of tactics that are helpful in understanding how an administrator operates in a complex environment. The examples presented in this article help flesh out the standard categories of distributive and integrative bargaining as well as forcing and fostering strategies for implementing change.     

特里·伊格尔顿的意识形态观

英国马克思主义文学理论家伊格尔顿也许是西方马克思主义传统中继葛兰西和阿尔都塞之后最系统地探讨过意识形态概念的著名学者.本文试图阐明他的意识形态学说的基本特征.这包括四个方面:一、他既反对意识形态中心论又反对意识形态终结论,处于二者之间.二、他兼顾中性的意识形态与贬义的意识形态,广泛涉及意识形态的内含与特征.三、他对贬义意识形态尤其是意识形态认知方面的竭力维护和重新阐发,对"虚假意识"概念正名.四、他既非阿尔都塞主义者也非新葛兰西主义者,处于二者之间.本文认为,伊格尔顿的意识形态学说显示出一种中正平和的色彩,是西方马克思主义意识形态学说趋向成熟和精致的一种表现.     

Mononationals,hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals: multiple citizenship as practice

Multiple citizenship has in recent decades moved from an unwanted phenomenon in international relations to a fairly common transnational status. Multiple citizenship has nevertheless so far been studied mainly as a political and juridical status by comparing national legislations. Much less notice has been given to actual dual citizens' citizen participation and construction of citizens' identities. Only when citizenship is studied as these kinds of practices do the hypothetic possibilities and problems associated with the status get their meanings and contents. This paper concentrates on examining dual citizens' identifications to their respective citizenships and how these affiliations transfer into possible citizen participation. Results are based on extensive analysis of survey (n = 335) and interviews (n = 48) carried out among dual citizens living in Finland. Contents and forms of dual citizens' national identification and citizen participation were reviewed through ideal types: resident-mononationals, expatriate-mononationals, hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals.