从求强、求富到人的现代化——中国现代化50年发展战略的反思

毛泽东时代 ,要使新中国在不利的国际环境下立足 ,国家现代化发展目标首先是求强 ;邓小平时代 ,则以求富为国家现代化的发展目标 ,开创出了改革开放的大局面 ;后邓小平时代 ,面临世界经济一体化和新一轮新技术革命的挑战 ,国家的现代化目标是“以人为本”的社会全面均衡发展 ,这是需要几代人共同努力的事业     

统筹山东城乡发展的思路与对策

改革开放以来,山东省农业和农村经济取得了长足发展。但是由于长期形成的城乡二元结构格局的影响,城乡经济社会发展差距仍比较大。解决“三农”问题,必须树立和落实科学发展观,统筹城乡发展,充分发挥城市对农村的辐射和带动作用、工业对农业的支持和反哺作用,促进城乡经济良性互动、共同发展。     

Diagnosing Crime and Diagnosing Disease: Bias Reduction Strategies in the Forensic and Clinical Sciences

Cognitive effort is an essential part of both forensic and clinical decision‐making. Errors occur in both fields because the cognitive process is complex and prone to bias. We performed a selective review of full‐text English language literature on cognitive bias leading to diagnostic and forensic errors. Earlier work (1970–2000) concentrated on classifying and raising bias awareness. Recently (2000–2016), the emphasis has shifted toward strategies for “debiasing.” While the forensic sciences have focused on the control of misleading contextual cues, clinical debiasing efforts have relied on checklists and hypothetical scenarios. No single generally applicable and effective bias reduction strategy has emerged so far. Generalized attempts at bias elimination have not been particularly successful. It is time to shift focus to the study of errors within specific domains, and how to best communicate uncertainty in order to improve decision making on the part of both the expert and the trier‐of‐fact.     

Ancestral Variation in Orbital Rim Shape: A Three‐Dimensional Pilot Study

Traditional nonmetric methods of ancestry assessment posit orbital rim shape varies among ancestral groups. This pilot study uses morphometric analysis of 3D orbital variation to test discrimination among individuals of primarily European, African, and Asian ancestry. Although the size and nature of the sample analyzed limit inferences for other samples, principal components analysis suggests ancestry has a significant effect on rim shape (p = 2.93e‐04). European orbits display more marked folding of the orbit in the sagittal plane than either African or Asian orbits, while the lateral margin of African orbits lies further posterior relative to the medial margin when compared to Asian orbits. The findings suggest curviplanar relationships are the most ancestrally informative aspect of orbital rim shape; these relationships may be distorted by perspective based on orientation of the skull relative to the viewer in traditional nonmetric analyses. Additional studies on geometric morphometric approaches to ancestry assessment are therefore warranted.     

构建我国证人反对被迫自证其罪特权制度的设想

我国证人出庭作证制度极不完善,尤其是证人权利义务设置失衡,证人的应有权利缺乏保障,导致证人出庭作证难,拒证现象严重。反对被迫自证其罪特权是证人的一项必不可少的权利,它已得到世界众多国家以及联合国公约的认可。构建我国证人反对被迫自证其罪特权制度对于改善我国证人作证的现状,切实保障证人合法权益是非常重要的。     

论我国未成年人监护制度的完善

未成年人监护制度是监护制度的重要组成部分,它不仅关系到保护未成年人的合法权益,而且还关系到社会秩序的稳定。目前,我国监护制度中还存在着监护机构设置不合理、监护人的选任缺乏一定的标准、监护人的职责及权利不明、监护的种类不全等问题。为了更好地保护未成年人的利益,针对上述不足,提出自己的建议。     

保持先进性建设先进性

党的先进性就是党在社会实践中符合社会发展客观规律,代表历史前进方向因而走在时代和群众前列的性质.这是一个不断建设的过程.我们党在这个建设中取得了历史性的辉煌,但是要保持这种先进性还必须要持续不断地建设.目前以人为本的科学发展观,就是这种成功建设的重要标志.     

试论工会在以人为本师德建设中的作用

师德具有民族历史性,总是与不同国家、不同历史阶段的教育发展水平相适应。"以人为本"是现代社会对教育所提出的一种新的要求。以人为本的师德建设,就是本着"以人为本"的宗旨,尊重教师自身的价值,充分调动教师的能动性,最大限度地发挥教师的潜能,把教师的工具价值减少到最低的限度,让教师有自主发展的余地。工会组织作为党联系教职工群众的桥梁与纽带,应为教师的发展服务,把师德建设落到实处;通过各种途径,提高教师的主体意识,使教师感到被尊重、被重视、被信任,使师德建设真正发挥实效。     

A simulation for exploring the effects of the "trait list" method's subjectivity on consistency and accuracy of ancestry estimations

The nonmetric "trait list" methodology is widely used for estimating ancestry of skeletal remains. However, the effects of the method's embedded subjectivity on subsequent accuracy and consistency are largely unknown. We develop a mathematical simulation to test whether variation in the application of the "trait list" method alters the ancestry estimation for a given case. Our simulation explores how variations in (i) trait selection, (ii) number of traits employed, and (iii) ancestry choice thresholds affect the ancestry estimation of an unidentified skeleton. Using two temporally and geographically diverse samples, the simulation demonstrates that trait selection, trait quantity, threshold choices, and the exclusion of high-frequency traits had minimal effect on estimation of general ancestry. For all data sets and Runs, Accuracy(AS) was maintained above 90%. The authors close with a discussion on the logistical issues present when choosing traits, and how to avoid ancestry bias.     

现代公司的本质：营利性、赢利性抑或盈利性——基于词义辨析与营利性内涵的分析

梳理公司的本质并在立法中加以合理疏导是当前和今后理论研究的一个重要任务,这在我国已基本完成股权分置改革和当前越来越强调公司社会责任的背景下显得尤为重要。然而。目前学界对公司本质的表述存在营利性、赢利性抑或盈利性之认识与使用的分歧,在造成误导的同时也引发了一定程度的以讹传讹。理清这一问题乃当务之急。因公司经营有风险而存在投入与产出对比后有盈余或亏损的情形,故公司的本质为重在目的或理想之营利,而非重在盈余结果之赢利或盈利,公司的营利性包括追逐利润最大化的动机、经营的持续性和有盈余应分配之根本性。