Durkheim and the Reflexive Condition of Modernity

Abstract

In this essay, Durkheim's work is approached from a double vantage point. One vantage point looks at Durkheim's work with a post-classical attitude that inter sects the ontological recasting of the social in the work of Castoriadis. It is in the context of social opening that will concentrate on Durkheim's work as it presents a model of reflexivity that concentrates on the historical development of the modern period. Durkheim's model of reflexivity also opens onto the other vantage point of political modernity, which is viewed as a particular constellation of the circulation of power, especially in nation-states, open forms of reflexivity, and democracy, in contrast to another political modernity that revolves around closed socially reflexive forms of totalitarianism and terrorism. Durkheim's work can be a fruitful point of departure for an analysis of political modernity because his theorisation occurs in a way that opens onto the historical development of its mode of reflexivity.     

用科学重建“社会”的权威--论涂尔干《社会学方法的准则》的主旨

《社会学方法的准则》是涂尔干思想体系的基石之作。通过证明“社会”是一种自成一体的、客观实在的“物”，有其自身的存在方式与运动法则，这本著作不仅奠定了社会学的学科正当性，更为涂尔干整个社会重建计划确定了理论正当性。文章从涂尔干思想的总体框架出发，基于细致的文本剖析，梳理了社会作为“物”的诸种属性及各类“社会持续在场物”的具体形式，呈现了涂尔干为构建“道德科学”所做的艰辛努力。