宽严相济政策视野下假释立法之检讨

"宽"的理念是宽严相济刑事政策的重要内容.假释本是该政策中"宽"的理念体现,但因我国刑法对假释适用的条件和程序的规定存在诸多不足,"宽"的理念并未真正体现出来,为此,有必要在假释适用的条件和程序方面对假释立法进行改进.     

Family in Dutch migration policy 1945–2005

This article looks at how and why the concept of ‘family’ was used in Dutch migration policy in the period between 1945 and 2005. Throughout this period differences were made between migrant women and migrant men. Whereas the migration of men was associated with labour migration, the migration of women was equated with family migration. Migrant women were constructed as wives and mothers (and not as workers). This construction of women was combined with a victimhood discourse in which women were presented as victims of repressive religion (usually Islam), domestic violence, trafficking and prostitution, and discriminatory government policy. The victimhood discourse was successfully used to acquire rights for migrant women (mostly the right to stay), but as a result all migrant women came to be seen as vulnerable and in need of protection. In this article, I show how this combined family and victimhood discourse was used by governments, by (migrant) organizations and, to a lesser extent, in court cases to create differences between migrant men and women. The ‘success’ of the victimhood discourse is not only explained by the fact that it fitted (Western) ideas on femininity. It was also used to give a humanitarian face – albeit beneficial to women only – to an essentially restrictive immigration policy.     

Can 14,737 women be wrong? A meta‐analysis of the LSI‐R and recidivism for female offenders*

Research Summary Over the past two decades, researchers have been increasingly interested in measuring the risk of offender recidivism as a means of advancing public safety and of directing treatment interventions. In this context, one instrument widely used in assessing offenders is the Level of Service Inventory‐Revised (LSI‐R). Recently, however, the LSI‐R has been criticized for being a male‐specific assessment instrument that is a weak predictor of criminal behavior in females. Through the use of meta‐analytic techniques, we assessed this assertion. A total of 27 effect sizes yielded an average r value of .35 ([confidence interval] CI = .34 to .36) for the relationship of the LSI‐R with recidivism for female offenders (N= 14,737). When available, we also made within‐sample comparisons based on gender. These comparisons produced effect sizes for males and females that were statistically similar. Policy Implications These results are consistent with those generated in previous research on the LSI‐R. They call into question prevailing critiques that the LSI‐R has predictive validity for male but not for female offenders. At this stage, it seems that corrections officials should be advised that the LSI‐R remains an important instrument for assessing all offenders as a prelude to the delivery of treatment services, especially those based on the principles of effective intervention. Critics should be encouraged, however, to construct and validate through research additional gender‐specific instruments that revise, if not rival, the LSI‐R.     

提升我国政府公信力的战略思考

政府公信力在促进国家经济发展、推进政治民主进程、保证社会和谐稳定等方面具有重要意义.要提升政府公信力政府就要高效履行职责、提高政策效率、惩罚政府失范行为和公正评价政府绩效.     

Australian climate policy and the Asia Pacific partnership on clean development and climate (APP). From Howard to Rudd: continuity or change?

This article explains, first, why Australia’s government under John Howard, together with the United States Bush administration initiated the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP) and, second, why the succeeding Rudd government continued to support this initiative. Climate policy under the conservative Howard government (1995–2007) in Australia was largely dictated by fossil fuel and mineral sector interests, and reflected a close alliance with the Bush administration. The Howard government shunned the Kyoto Protocol, refused to set national binding greenhouse gas reduction targets and preferred voluntary cooperative measures with industry. The APP was part of the Howard government’s strategy to demonstrate some policy movement on climate change while postponing serious action. Climate change was a key issue in the election of the Rudd Labor government in Australia in December 2007. The Rudd government quickly ratified Kyoto, adopted emission reduction targets, and moved to introduce emissions trading. The Rudd government’s decision to continue involvement with the APP, albeit with diminished funding, was a pragmatic one. The APP was supported by industry and provided bridges to China and India—both key countries in the post-2012 UNFCCC negotiations. Finally, in order to assess the long-term outlook of the APP, the article provides a preliminary assessment as to whether the APP advances technology transfer.

论交通肇事犯罪人的特点及刑事责任

交通肇事犯罪人属于一般自然人主体,具有与传统犯罪人不同的性格特征,交通肇事犯罪人在主观上是过失心态。行为人交通肇事后逃逸是我国刑法规定的加重处罚情形,交通肇事犯罪人的共犯是我国刑法规定的特殊处罚情形,交通肇事后行为人遗弃被害人的,应当按故意杀人罪或故意伤害罪处罚。应当从刑事立法、刑事政策、犯罪学理论三方面入手,加强对交通肇事犯罪人的预防和惩处,有效防止交通肇事罪的发生。     

政治系统理论视野的刑事政策科学

刑事政策抑或刑事政治的同一性决定了政治系统与刑事政策科学的关联程度。基于此,政治系统理论视野展开的刑事政策科学问题,既有助于探寻刑事政策学科的有机结构、制约机制,避免刑事政策的恶为利用,更好地完成其指导执政党、国家的刑事司法任务。     

论公安执法中的人权保障问题

公安执法与保障人权是辩证统一的关系,但在当前的公安执法中还存在着许多侵犯人权的问题。在目前的公安执法中,人权保障应主要侧重于对相对人的知情权、陈述申辩权、安全保障权及人格尊严权的保护,实现公安执法中人权保障的途径主要在于树立人权理念、改进公安立法、加大执法监督等方面。     

论公共政策目标的确定：事遂人愿——以我国房地产政策为例

公共政策目标体现的是整个公共行为的根本价值,是决定政策效果的根本所在。政策目标的确定主要取决于决策者在规划政策时对事实前提和价值前提,即事与愿的关系的拿捏。文章以1998年以来我国政府制定的有关政策对房地产业的影响为例,运用引证法、比较法、归纳法等,阐述公共政策目标确定过程中事实前提与价值前提的关系,并论证在政策的制定过程中,坚持以社会总体利益优先考虑的价值前提应先位于事实前提,即事遂人愿原则。     

税收优惠政策实施绩效的模糊综合评价

如何对经济政策实施绩效加以公正、客观的定量化评估,不仅是关系经济政策延续运用和调整的规范性课题,同时也是对经济政策实行科学化管理的实证性课题。通过借鉴综合评价企业技术创新绩效定量分析的一般方法,利用模糊综合评价技术,可以总结对区域型税收优惠政策实施绩效进行综合评估的一般思路和方法。