试论青少年德育中的学生主体性缺失

青少年德育实效性偏低关键是学校德育中的学生主体性缺失,具体表现为:在德育的目标和内容上,以社会为本位的价值取向造成对主体德育需求的漠视;在德育的方式方法上,以灌输为特征的传统方法造成对主体认知发展规律的忽略;在德育的载体途径上,以学校为中心的德育体系造成主体价值选择的困惑;在德育的评价标准上,以道德认知为内容的评价体系造成主体人格的分裂。     

浅析制作教学辅助“课件”的通用平台

教学辅助手段的运用,为教育改革、教学创新,提供了英雄用武之地。但一味追求形式,追求艺术性的完美,就逐渐失去了教学辅助作用的真实意义。制作教学"课件"的应用软件很多,但对于非计算机专业人员来说,未免都有些困难。而PowerPoint确为非计算机专业人员提供了方便,能够很好地完成教学辅助作用。     

Prevention science,drug abuse prevention,and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science

There has been tremendous growth in the field of prevention science over the past two decades. The defining features of contemporary prevention science are high quality empirical research using rigorous and well-established scientific methods, careful hyphothesis testing, and the systematic accumulation of knowledge. One area where substantial progress has been made is in our understanding of the etiology and prevention of tobacoo, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse. In this paper, we review the growth in prevention as a scientific enterprise, discuss advances in drug abuse prevention research, and review the effectiveness of one approach to the problem of adolescent drug abuse, the Life Skills Traning (LST) program, and the methodological strengths of the LST evaluation research. In addition, we provide a response to criticism regarding two types of data analysis in evaluation research, and show that these analyses can help address a number of important research questions with implications for theory and practice. First, the analysis of high fidelity subsamples can address research questions about the importance of program implementation fidelity; and second, composite measures of concurrent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use (i.e., polydrug use) are useful in testing research questions about program effects on more serious levels of drug involvement. With an increasing number of ramdomized controlled trials underway, the field of prevention science is contributing to a new generation of evidence-based approaches and policies that, if widely utilized, offer the potential of reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with a number of major health and social problems.     

重型颅脑损伤患者P300与智商的相关性

目的研究重型颅脑损伤患者认知功能的改变以及事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)中的P300成分与智商的关系。方法对40例重型颅脑损伤患者进行听觉P300检查并用中国修订韦氏成人智力全量表测定智商,另外用40例正常成年人作为对照组也进行P300的检查。结果病例组P300潜伏期较正常组明显延长(P<0.01),病例组P300的潜伏期与操作智商和总智商之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.335、-0.344,均P<0.05)。结论ERP是测定重型颅脑损伤患者认知功能变化的一项客观指标。     

中国法制史课程多元化教学方法探析——以《宋代法律制度》一章的教学为例

尽管中国法制史教育具有重要的现实意义,但从目前的教学实践来看,中国法制史课程未得到应有的重视。为改变这种状况,应采用多元化教学方法,即除了采用传统的讲授教学法外,还有必要引入案例教学法、比较教学法和多媒体教学法,从而增加课程的趣味性,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生独立的法律思维能力。本文以《宋代法律制度》一章的教学为例,探析多元化教学方法在中国法制史教学中的应用。     

环境犯罪证明方法研究

环境犯罪行为迥异于一般的犯罪行为,尤其是对于污染型环境犯罪行为,确定犯罪行为与损害结果之间的因果关系相当困难。对此,国外产生了推定因果关系存在的各种理论与学说。我国现行法律规定的犯罪证明方法在环境犯罪的认定上存在着缺陷,针对我国环境犯罪案发率高但因果关系证明难度大这一现实矛盾,有必要借鉴国外相关立法,对环境犯罪适用的因果关系确定推定方法,以彰显刑法对环境资源、人身权及财产权的保护功能,实现人类社会的可持续发展。     

试析三岩社会的农牧二元经济

为克服土地资源的不足,三岩峡谷历史地形成了农业与牧业两种生产方式并存的经济结构。农牧并举的二元经济结构也在很大程度上影响了三岩峡谷内部的社会及文化。与土地相关的一系列技术与文化成为当地的文化核心,而其他的文化要素都根源于三岩人使用土地的技术。由此导致三岩的二元结构并没有与社会的阶序化相结合,也没有形成人群之外的二元划分,而是始终依附于特定生态与自然环境以及与此相适应的血缘群体。     

Survey Research in International Political Economy: Motivations,Designs, Methods

The use of surveys and survey experiments by international political economy scholars is increasing, adding to the ability to study a broad array of topics. In doing so, many scholars in international political economy draw on—and are contributing to—insights and arguments from American politics and comparative politics (Milner 1998), substantive fields with a history of using surveys and survey experiments. In this article, I review motivations for using surveys and survey experiments, the research designs, and analysis strategies in light of this issue’s contributions. I contrast these motivations and their accompanying designs and discuss the pros and cons of ways to approach the data generated by these research designs. The goal of this commentary is to situate surveys and survey experiments—especially those within the special issue—within a larger discussion about research motivations, design, and analysis techniques.     

法官受制定法约束的理论谱系及其评价--基于德国法学方法论视角的考察

自19世纪以来,法官受制定法的约束问题成为法学方法论研究的主要问题之一。概念法学的理论追求是将法官视为"涵摄机器";自由法学理论则强调法官具有造法的权力,将法官视为"法官王";纯粹法学理论提出了"可能框架"模式,法律规范只是为法官的裁判提供一个可能的框架范围。评价法学理论将"法官受制定法的约束"转变为"法官受价值约束"的"价值导向"模式;在20世纪末,法律论证理论提出了一种"理性商谈"模式,尝试解决这一