都市转型背景下的领导学研究与面临的挑战

进入21世纪,以经济迅速崛起为先导的中国城市化进程步入快速发展轨道。都市化转型、内部体制变迁和不断强化的全球化趋势相互交织在一起,构成了一幅极为繁杂、壮阔的都市转型的社会图景。与近代城市工业化转型不同的是,现代都市转型呈现出了一些新的特征:第一,现代城市转型的内涵和维度正发生着深刻的变化;第二,都市的功能越来越趋于从生产型向服务型转变;第三,随着全球化、信息化的挑战,城市转型过程也是一个各种各样的新型知识互相汇聚、错综交织,从而形成一个新的知识网络与平台的过程;第四,关于城市理念的塑造,城市转型中出现的关键问题是城市品格、城市精神和城市韵律的重构。都市领袖必须深刻理解转型背景下的“城市领导”要义,即“领导”城市而非“控制”城市;政策服务而非狭义的技术技能;多视野而非单一的应急管理;具备综合知识的人文型领导而非单一学科背景的专家。因此,城市转型时代的领导学研究必须广泛吸收各种学科的思想精髓,以推动中国城市在全球化背景下的成功转型。     

欧盟认同与欧盟制度建设:一个互构进程

超国家制度的建设在欧洲一体化进程中是最引人注目的方面。然而随着一体化的深入拓展,欧洲认同的建构问题也变得重要起来。两者逐渐形成了一种相辅相成、相互促进的关系。欧盟的制度结构对欧盟成员的认同具有建构作用,但是这并非一种单向的关系,由于自身的国内政治条件成员国及其民众对此产生的回应同样影响了欧盟的制度建设过程。     

借鉴国际先进经验完善我国反补贴立法

我国相关部门在反补贴立法方面已按照世界贸易组织规则取得长足的进步,但相对西方发达国家而言,我国的反补贴立法存在种种不足。参考欧盟、美国的相关立法,并对照世界贸易组织的《补贴与反补贴措施协定,》我国的《反补贴条例》在立法体例、补贴的类型、确定补贴的标准等方面需要完善,并应增加上游补贴的相关规定,增加公共利益及反规避措施的有关内容及确立不合作制度等。     

Differenzierte Mitgliedschaft und die EU‐Osterweiterung: Das Beispiel der Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit

Die Arbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen der Vergabe eingeschränkter Mitgliedschaftsrechte auf den Verlauf und die Ergebnisse der EU‐Osterweiterung. Die Studie zeigt auf, dass die EU‐Mitgliedstaaten Übergangsfristen für die Liberalisierung der Arbeitsmärkte durchsetzten, um die zu erwartenden Erweiterungsgewinne zugunsten der, von der Freizügigkeit negativ betroffenen Altmitglieder ‐ Deutschland, Österreich und Italien ‐ umzuverteilen und so ein Scheitern der Aufnahmeverhandlungen zu verhindern. Die Diskussionen der EU‐Mitglieder über die Einführung einer eingeschränkten Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit für die Neumitglieder und ein Überblick über andere Verhandlungskapitel legen nahe, dass die Verteilung differenzierter Mitgliedschaftsrechte an neue Mitglieder eine bedeutsame Handlungsalternative insbesondere zur Nichtmitgliedschaft darstellt.     

Local actors in the driver's seat: Transatlantic democracy promotion under regime competition in the Arab world

In studies of political transition, scholars started to explore the effect of competition between foreign policies of antipodal regimes on the political trajectories of transition countries, notably between traditional Western donors such as the European Union and the United States of America and regional authoritarian powers such as Saudi Arabia. Drawing on existing accounts, this article studies the conditions under which external actors can effectively steer local elite towards democratic reforms despite illiberal regional powers’ potential counteractions. We argue that the reform-oriented political elites in the recipient country are the ultimate judges in this competition for influence. If democracy promotion is credible, they will decide in favour of democratization, but only if the expected costs and benefits of democratic engagement resist solicitation by authoritarian powers. A study of post-Arab Spring democracy promotion in Tunisia supports the pivotal role of the external donors’ credibility in times of complex donor constellations.     

“Keeping Pandora's (ballot) box half-shut”: a comparative inquiry into the institutional limits of external voting in EU Member States

The article compares the institutional constraints that limit the potential electoral impact of external voting in national legislative elections in the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU). It shows that the discrepancy between policy aims and outcomes can be mainly attributed to a variety of institutional constraints restricting the scope of the policy (through residence and professional qualifications); limiting eligible voters’ access to the ballot (through cumbersome registration procedures and voting methods); and reducing the electoral weight attributed to their votes (through distinct modes of representation). It argues that the discrepancy is at least partly the result of a combination of electoral and normative concerns about the influence that external voters could and should have in elections. Institutional restrictions on the franchise of external citizens may be interpreted as a way to keep the “Pandora's box” of unexpected electoral consequences half-shut, by extending the suffrage to a traditionally excluded electorate while at the same time moderating the implications.     

The return of the empire? Russia's counteraction to transatlantic democracy promotion in its near abroad

Russia's recent actions in its neighbourhood have not only upset Western policies but have also reinvigorated arguments that Russia may be promoting autocracy to counteract democracy promotion by the European Union and the United States. They have also underlined a broader problem: that of how illiberal powers may react to democracy promotion, especially when their strategic interests are at stake. This article investigates these issues by studying Russia's interactions with the countries in its neighbourhood and democracy promoters. First, the article argues that even if Russia has contributed to the stagnation of democratization and ineffectiveness of democracy promotion in its neighbourhood, its actions do not constitute autocracy promotion and largely lack ideological underpinnings. Second, Russia's counteraction to democracy promotion stems from its ambitions of restoring its great power status, maintaining its regional influence, and perceiving Western policies as a threat to its interests. Third, when it considers its strategic interests undermined, Russia employs economic and military threats (sometimes incentives) against its neighbourhood countries to make the compliance with Western policies less preferable.     

Control over Personal Data in a Digital Age: Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja Gonzalez

In the Google Spain judgment, the Grand Chamber of the EU Court of Justice determined the circumstances in which a search engine is obliged to remove links to data pertaining to an individual from the results displayed. The Court also considered the material and territorial scope of the EU data protection rules. This note argues that the Court's findings, which have been heavily criticised, are normatively coherent. The broad scope of application of data protection rules and the right of individuals to have their data deleted when certain conditions are fulfilled both play a part in granting individuals effective control over their personal data – an objective of EU data protection law.     

欧盟第七框架计划下的“警察社交媒体战略”探微

"警察社交媒体战略"是欧盟第七框架计划研究项目之一,主要研究当前社交媒体对欧洲国家警务工作的影响,并提出未来欧洲警务工作中的社交媒体战略。从现实情况看,社交媒体已经改变了人们的社会生活方式,并对各国警务工作产生了深刻影响,警察必须正视现实,接受挑战;从未来发展看,警察应当主动将社交媒体融入传统警务工作之中,使其为我所用,同时赋予其新的形式和内涵。     

当前中欧关系评析

近年来,基于地缘和历史的相互信任、经济结构的互补性以及共享的多边主义理念,中国和欧盟在发展全面战略伙伴关系的道路上稳步前行。随着近期欧盟主要国家领导人的更迭,以及欧盟自身一体化道路的一波三折,中欧关系也出现了一些新的变化,这些变化反映出欧盟对整体国际形势的判断,以及对华立场和观念的调整。因此,如何正确评估当前中欧关系变化的现状和影响,是我国制定对欧政策、发展中欧长期伙伴关系的基本出发点。