Uncertainties at the European Union's southern borders: actors,policies, and legal frameworks

A multiplicity of legal and political arrangements regulate the European Union's external borders. With borders representing the intersection between national and international law and politics, the EU also acquired some legal competences in this realm. The resulting triple set of rules coincides with the growing disaggregation of the classical functions of borders. This state of affairs generates legal and procedural uncertainties and results in a growing ambiguity and lack of transparency, in terms of competences and accountability. Due to the EU's concerns with transnational terrorism, and the growing securitization of migration, the EU's borders with the states of the Middle East and North Africa are particularly relevant in this regard, with the resulting uncertainties touching upon fundamental rights. This article discusses the conceptual starting point of the growing institutional, legal, and political complexity at the EU's southern borders, together with relevant aspects and developments, thus also providing the background to the different contributions in this special issue.     

Silent citizenship among Asian Americans and Latinos: opting out or left out?

In his classic study, Who Governs?, Robert Dahl interpreted the patterns of political assimilation of ‘white ethnic’ immigrants and their children during the mid-twentieth century as a hopeful sign of the potential of democratic pluralism in the USA. While acknowledging that immigrant groups faced discrimination and structural barriers that might lead them to be silent, Dahl predicted that social mobility and assimilation would eventually erase these deficits in political participation among immigrants. Building from Dahl's analysis, we investigate the extent to which pluralism in the USA can and does work the same way for immigrants who are also racial minorities. We highlight factors that can lead these groups to become silent citizens, including lack of legal status, lower levels of political mobilization by institutions, and discrimination as structural impediments to minority participation. Our findings suggest that both resources as well as structural impediments structure the political behavior of Asian Americans and Latinos, determining whether they are vocal citizens or silent citizens.     

日本国家安全保障会议探析

国家安全决策机制是整个国家政权体系的基本构成,是国家权力安排的重要组织表现,也是公民安全诉求的主要凭借。以1947年美国成立国家安全委员会为起点,世界各主要国家无不结合本国实际,积极探索"国安委"模式的建构。安倍内阁为突破战后体制束缚,谋求使日本成为正常国家,在经济、政治、军事上全面出击,其标志性事件就是日本国家安全保障会议的革新。它以国家安全保障局为机构依托,辅之《国家安全保障会议设置法》与《特定秘密保护法》,借力美国"亚太再平衡"战略,为日本安保体制带来战术和战略层面的双重改善,是安倍集权外向扩张的先兆,将给中日关系、东亚局势产生诸多不确定性因素。     

关于社会主义的世界历史前景的几个重大问题

社会主义代替资本主义是历史发展的必然趋势.战后资本主义的新变化没有改变这一趋势,只是加速了这一趋势;苏联的解体、东欧的剧变不可能否定这一趋势,它只是表明了一种社会主义模式的失败和社会主义必然胜利的曲折性;信息社会的来临也决不意味着资本主义的永世长存,相反,它为社会主义战胜资本主义准备了更为坚实的技术基础,不仅如此,信息社会走向更高级的智能社会的发展趋势,印证着共产主义必然实现的真理性.     

试析公安执法中的直觉决策

直觉在公安执法决策中具有重要作用。直觉决策一般适用于以下几种情境;时间紧迫、信息有限、新情况、新问题和危急情境以及结果具有两极性。公安决策者应注意从知识、经验、胆识、自信和权威等方面培养自己的直觉决策能力。     

评小泉的东亚地区合作构想

作为东亚地作为东亚地区的最大经济体,日本一直对开展地区合作态度消极,然而在其东盟5国之行中,日本首相小泉纯一郎却提出了日本的东亚地区合作设想。对此,本文首先分析了日本此次改变态度提出上述构想的种种战略和现实考虑。同时,本文指出在小泉地区合作构想中还存在着一些重大甚至根本性的问题。最后,本文展望了日本在未来东亚地区合作中的作用,提出日本成为地区合作发动机的可能性非常小。     

远东纲要实施以来的中俄区域合作

俄罗斯2002年3月开始实施的远东纲要为我国发展同远东地区的经贸合作提供了前提条件。纲要实施两年以来,远东各联邦主体纷纷制定发展战略和采取措施,加速经济与社会的发展,并在大力发展对外关系时,把发展同中国东北边境地区经贸合作列为优先发展方向。这促使该地区与中国北方省份的区域合作出现飞速发展的可喜局面。     

过失危险犯之存在性与可存在性思考

决定某类过错行为 ,包括过失危险行为在内可以犯罪化的基础不是主观过错 ,而是危险行为本身所具有的社会危害性。过失危险犯只能存在于危害公共安全法益的犯罪中 ,由于公共安全法益本身的特殊性 ,这类法益价值的外延已经突破其本身的价值而及于它的安全性 ,即威胁它的安全就是侵犯它的价值 ,而使过失危险行为具有直接侵犯公共安全法益价值的本质 ,进而具备犯罪化的报应基础。设立过失危险犯与刑法谦抑原则不冲突 ,反而有利于刑法诱导和刑法忠诚。     

我国《治安管理处罚法》的价值取向及其时效问题

我国《治安管理处罚法》的价值取向包括尊重和保障人权、追求实体公正、追求程序正义、追求效率价值。《治安管理处罚法》和《治安管理处罚条例》相比,前者不仅规定了对违反治安管理行为责任追究时效,而且还规定了公安机关及其人民警察办理治安案件期限,因而更广泛更全面。     

权利质权？抑或权利抵押权？——论知识产权设定担保的体例选择

传统担保物权原则上以有体物为其标的,但也不排斥将权利纳入其视野.文章首先介绍了权利担保物权的一般理论,接着通过分析登记和移转占有两个因素在知识产权质押中的适用,认为现今大陆法系各国认为在知识产权上设定质押的方式值得商榷,理论上应以抵押的方式代之.