三江并流地区经济活动对生态环境的影响及天然林的保护对策

三江并流地区属金沙江、澜沧江、怒江的上游地带,是属于全国仅存的几处天然林资源地区之一.近20年来,当地的天然林资源遭到极大的破坏.根据云南大学唤青社2000年7～8月对该地区的徒步考察,针对这一地区存在的薪柴消耗、畜牧业发展、矿产开发、旅游开发、森工企业对天然林及生态环境的影响形式,提出了调整产业结构、加强教育投资、实行矿产开发中的生态保护、谁受益谁补偿、提高群众环保意识等天然林保护对策,以促进西部环境保护和西部大开发的可持续发展.     

西部生态环境的保护与建设

生态环境建设是西部大开发的重中之重 ,西部地区生态环境面临着不断恶化的趋势 ,造成西部地区生态环境治理收效不大的原因是体制、利益和结构三方面的深层制约     

Individual Characteristics and the Multiple Contexts of Adolescent Bullying: An Ecological Perspective

This paper uses an ecological perspective to explore the risk factors associated with bullying behaviors among a representative sample of adolescents aged 11–14 Data derived from the Health Behavior in School Children: WHO Cross-National Survey were used to model the relationship between bullying and media effects, peer and family support systems, self-efficacy, and school environment. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bullying increases among children who watch television frequently, lack teacher support, have themselves been bullied, attend schools with unfavorable environments, have emotional support from their peers, and have teachers and parents who do not place high expectations on their school performance. In addition, we found an inverse relationship between being Asian or African American, feeling left out of school activities and bullying. Our results lend support to the contention that bullying arises out of deficits in social climate, but that social support systems mediate bullying behavior irrespective of the student’s racial/ethnic characteristics, parental income levels or media influences. Because the number of friends and the ability to talk to these friends increases the likelihood of bullying, we suggest that bullying is not simply an individual response to a particular environment but is a peer-group behavior. We conclude that limiting television viewing hours, improving student’s abilities to access family support systems and improving school atmospheres are potentially useful interventions to limit bullying behavior.

The rise and fall of a policy: policy succession and the attempted termination of ecological corridors policy in the Netherlands

In policy analysis, studies on policy termination are rare. This article offers such a study. It presents the story of how, despite attempts by the government to terminate it, Dutch nature policy on ecological corridors continued to be implemented by regional governments and in the field. A case analysis is presented that integrates theories and insights not only from the termination literature but also from the literature on implementation. The different factors identified in the literature that enable or constrain implementation and termination have served as a basis for developing possible explanations of the case study. They cannot, however, serve as generic theories with predictive power. Policy termination as well as policy implementation are highly contextual processes and the question which factors will enable or constrain policy termination and implementation can only be answered on a case by case basis.

新中国成立以来中国共产党生态现代化建设的创新实践与经验

新中国成立以来,中国共产党不断推进现代化建设的生态转向,逐渐探索出中国特色社会主义生态现代化建设的道路与模式.在这个过程中,中国共产党完成了一系列理论与实践创新,实现了现代文明观的转型、现代化发展理念的超越、现代化建设模式的创新和现代化全球视野的拓宽,开创了人与自然和谐共生的现代化建设的新格局.同时,中国共产党也取得了丰富的建设经验:生命共同体思想是生态现代化建设的理论基础;经济社会发展与资源环境相协调是对生态现代化建设规律认识的深化;生态共享是生态现代化建设的关键节点;党的领导是生态现代化建设的核心力量.     

Statistical inference and meta-analysis

Statistical inference is a common feature of meta-analysis. Statistical inference depends on a formal model that accurately characterizes certain key features of how the studies to be summarized were generated. The implications of this requirement are discussed and questions are raised about the credibility of confidence intervals and hypothesis tests routinely reported.

Unjustified inferences about meta-analysis

Berk (Statistical Inference and Meta-Analysis, 2007) asserts that the results of inferential statistics make scientific sense only if the data to which they are applied were actually generated through random sampling from a defined real population. Because meta-analysis data are not generated in that manner, he claims that the statistical conclusions of meta-analysis are fictional and suggests that conventional research review procedures be used instead. This rejoinder argues that Berk’s position on statistical inference represents a narrow literalism that he fails to justify and that does not reflect the way inferential statistics are used or generally understood in contemporary practice. Consequently, his critique has little significance for meta-analysis or any of the other widespread forms of social science research that apply inferential statistics in similar spirit. Berk’s advocacy of conventional literature reviews omits any explanation of how they would avoid the well-documented deficiencies of that approach or be conducted in a manner that offers any advantage over meta-analysis.

法律论证如何“融贯”?——基于“斯科特杀妻案”的语用分析与建构

没有直接证据是否可以定罪?没有直接证据的定罪是否违背"无罪推定"原则呢?我们常常看到法官在此类案件的判决书上写道:犯罪情节构成一个相互印证,且又完整的"证据链"。然而它们是怎样"相互印证"的,为什么能够构成一个完整的"证据链"?法官的判决书上却无下文。事实上,"证据链"的每一个链点,均是一个事实情节,这些事实情节的内在要素与要件构成,均相互印证或相互支持,整个"证据链"的"融贯"机制,实际上因为其使用了回溯性的语用推理,正是语用推理为证据链的融贯性论证提供了新路径和新方法。     

回归人的本真存在——生态美学运思方式之省思

生态美学逐步成为当代美学研究的热点之一,这实质上是"天人合一"运思方式对"主客二分"运思方式的超越。传统本体论美学之所以陷入困境,主要是由于传统"主客二分"的运思方式造成的,虽然这种思维路径在人类的历史上有其深远和积极的意义,但这种意义又是相对的。生态美学消除了人与世界的对峙,以此回归人的本真存在,从而在人与世界的和谐共处中获得自由。