Shifting forensic science focus from means to purpose: A path forward for the discipline?

Forensic science is facing a persistent crisis that is often addressed by organizational responses, with a strong focus on the improvement and standardisation of means and processes. However, organisations and processes are highly dependent on the political, economical and legal structures in which they operate. This may explain why most proposed solutions had difficulties in addressing the crisis up to now, as they could hardly be applied transversally to all forensic science models. Moreover, new tools and technologies are continuously developed by a quasi-infinite number of different scientific disciplines, thus leading to further diversity and fragmentation of forensic science. In this paper, it is proposed to shift the focus from means to purpose and consider forensic science current challenges in terms of discipline, before addressing organisations’ specific issues. As a distinct discipline, forensic science can refocus research and development on shared principles and purposes, such as reconstructing, monitoring, and preventing crime and security issues. This focus change will facilitate a better understanding of the trace as the object of study of forensic science and eventually lead to a more impactful and long-lasting effect. This approach will also foster the development of a forensic science culture (instead of a primarily technological culture) unified by purpose rather than means through more relevant education and research.     

Transportation Access,Rental Vouchers,and Neighborhood Satisfaction: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is designed in part to expand the neighborhood choices of assisted households, thereby enabling assisted households to find a living environment that simultaneously meets their housing and neighborhood preferences. While several studies have examined the impact of rental subsidies on neighborhood satisfaction, few have examined whether access to adequate transportation enables HCV recipients to locate housing in more desirable locations. This article relies on data from the Moving to Opportunity experiment to examine the impact of transportation access, rental housing vouchers, and geographic constraints on neighborhood satisfaction. We find that access to both vehicles and public transit positively influences neighborhood satisfaction, and the influence of vehicle access varies with transit proximity. These findings point to the importance of transportation in helping low-income assisted renter households locate housing in more desirable neighborhoods.     

Can top-down community enterprise development reduce poverty and out-migration? Evidence from Thailand

This article examines the performance of a poverty alleviation policy in Thailand known as the Small and Micro Community Enterprises (SMCEs) programme. It investigates provincial determinants affecting the establishments of the SMCEs and assesses the effects of the programme on household income and out-migration by using panel data analysis and propensity score matching model. The research findings indicated that such enterprises have spread widely. Average household expenditure, the rate of poverty, and agricultural output were significant predictors of SMCE establishments. However, the research did not find any concrete evidence to support the claim that this policy helped reduce poverty or out-migration.     

Collective action in small-scale mushroom production in Swaziland: does organisational form matter?

While substantial literature is available on the determinants of small-scale farmers’ participation in collective action, and the welfare impacts of producing and/or marketing collectively, studies on the likely implications of organisational form on producers’ collective behaviour remain scant. This article attempts to address this knowledge gap by using an example of different forms of small-scale mushroom-producing groups in Swaziland. Given the importance of collective action in sub-Saharan Africa, the overall results of this article provide valuable insights into alternative means of coordinating commercial small-scale agricultural activities, which can improve producers’ ultimate benefits while reducing the likelihood of internal free-riding.     

论区域产业政策

区域产业政策是国家产业政策在一个区域范围内发挥作用的产业政策。区域产业政策具有他的特征和作用,主要包括区域产业结构政策和主导产业政策。制定正确的区域产业政策,明确区域产业发展各方面支持和限制的重点,是调整区域产业结构、进行区域主导产业选择的重要依据。     

管制对中国经济增长影响的实证分析

改革开放的过程,就是我国不断放松管制的过程。本文采用这一段时期相关时间序列数据,对我国经济管制和社会管制的变化和影响进行了经济计量分析,并提出若干政策建议。     

试论经济法律责任独立的意义

本文分析了经济法律责任研究的三种思路,提出了经济法律责任相对独立于传统部门法法律责任的观点,阐述了经济法律责任独立的理论意义和实践意义。     

以新制度经济学的视角看政府改革

随着经济体制改革的深入,对行政体制改革提出了迫切要求。然而,行政体制改革的阻力和难度之大往往令人难以理解而感到失望。如果用新制度经济学的理论来分析,可以看出,国家也是一个组织或一种制度安排。国家有其自己的利益和目标,与社会的要求并不完全一致。国家也存在“内部人控制”的问题。在“内部人主导型”的改革中,国家会利用所掌握的权力维护自身的利益,抵制改革,成为制度变迁过程中的障碍。这是任何政府改革都存在的问题。     

经济全球化与区域经济一体化关系的协调——兼论全球化对东北亚区域经济合作的影响

从20世纪90年代开始,在经济全球化蓬勃发展的同时,区域经济一体化出现了一个新的发展高潮。对于两者的关系,至今仍有“障碍说”和“阶段说”两种不同认识。尽管如此,协调好它们之间的关系对于世界经济发展仍十分重要。对于东北亚,经济全球化的迅速发展既带来了新的动力与机遇,同时也使得东北亚区域合作面临新的挑战与课题。目前,加快东北亚区域经济一体化进程,已成为区内多数国家经济全球化战略的重要步骤与组成部分。     

把落实科学发展观作为公安监管"三基"工程建设的着力点

为了准确界定公安监管基层基础工作的范围和重点,找准基层基础工作的着力点和突破口,公安监管工作要以科学发展观为指导,切实把公安监管基层基础工作的切入点定位于强化民警队伍建设,着力体现以人为本的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的突破口定位于强化监管基础设施、技术装备和后勤保障建设,着力体现全面发展的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的基本点定位于强化监管业务规范化建设,着力体现协调、可持续发展的新理念.