原告资格判定中“保护规范说”和“实际影响说”的混用与厘清——兼评东联电线厂案再审判决

在东联电线厂案再审判决中,最高人民法院重申了刘广明案“保护规范说”的原理,但并未就产品质量法规范如何成为确定原告资格的规范充分说理。裁判认为被诉处罚已确认了产品质量处罚的要件事实,起诉人由此将可能受到产品质量行政处罚这一行政法上的不利影响。这强调了被诉处罚和产品质量行政处罚间事实上可能的因果关系,是“实际影响说”的体现。法院还指出了被诉机关线索移交的义务,并肯定了被诉处罚对于后一行政处罚的确认效力,客观上可补充因果关系的论证,但确认效力的实定法基础,以及给予预防性救济的必要性仍待证明。东联电线厂案再审判决在论证中混用了两种理论,反映了多次作为最高人民法院裁判原理的“保护规范说”的理论深度尚不足以应对疑难案件,也说明了“实际影响说”的影响力不可忽视。理论界和实务界应就我国原告资格具体疑难案件进行讨论,重视两种理论在应用中各自的发展,承认两者存在相互作用的可能,并回应来自对方角度的解释。     

Reversing Course: Fiscal Policy and Economic Interdependence

In response to the 2008 financial crisis, countries throughout the developed world widely embraced fiscal stimulus policies. But about one year later, with their economies still weak, a majority of these countries reversed course and adopted austerity measures, despite having the ability to maintain fiscal expansions. With little variation in domestic interests, institutions, or political ideologies over this short time period, theories of budgetary politics struggle to explain this policy shift. This shortcoming may be the result of the literature generally ignoring the international effects of fiscal policy. I argue that policymakers strategically consider their trade partners’ likely fiscal policies before setting domestic fiscal policy. If incumbents expect their major trade partners to enact fiscal expansions, they are more likely to pass expansionary policies of their own. But when incumbents expect their counterparts to enact contractionary policies, they are less likely to fund expansionary policies, as these policies may boost foreign economies with suppressed effects at home. I test this argument using spatial econometrics and a data set of OECD countries from 1998 to 2015. The evidence suggests that shifting expectations of fiscal policies abroad explains much of the move from stimulus to austerity over the short time span.     

Partisan technocratic cycles in Latin America

Given their powerful positions in presidential cabinets, technocrats are an important transmission mechanism for explaining economic policy choices, but have received less attention compared to other well-established channels such as elections or democratic tenure. I incorporate the role of technocratic advisors into a domestic policymaking framework. Specifically, I contend that left governments tend to appoint technocrats, or ministers with mainstream economics training, to signal their commitment to sound governance to the electorate. This partisan technocratic pattern, however, is conditioned by a country's place in its business cycle. During periods of high growth, left governments are more likely to align with their partisan preferences and appoint heterodox advisors that drift from fiscal discipline. Employing an originally constructed data index, the Index of Economic Advisors, I conduct a statistical test of 16 Latin American countries from 1960 to 2011, finding partisan shifts in technocratic appointments and fiscal governance that are conditioned by national business cycles.     

An analysis of well-being in urban Nigeria

Improving the well-being of Nigerians is the aim of Nigeria Vision 20:2020, the key development policy document in Nigeria. However, as well-being is an emerging and contested concept, this article explores how the well-being of urban citizens is understood in Nigeria, and identifies key trends affecting urban well-being as expressed by a selection of strategic elite stakeholders in Nigerian society. These included senior civil servants and politicians, and various senior members of civil society groups and academia. The analysis also reveals characteristics underpinning policies for urban well-being.     

大学生公益组织的发展困境及其突破——以青岛农业大学“虹书屋”为例

大学生公益组织的运行状况直接决定着公益活动的质量与效果。以"虹书屋"为例,大学生公益组织存在制度缺失、组织成员素养不足、资金匮乏、社会多方主体缺位等问题。对此,可以通过完善制度、加强专业培训、多元化筹资、寻求多方扶持等方式实现突破。     

中国大陆体验教育30年的发展与思考

回顾中国大陆的体验教育,从1985年引进团康,1994年注册拓展训练,到2004年开展本土化的历奇教育师资培训,共30年的发展历程。总结、梳理中国大陆30年体验教育发展经验,得到今后推动中国大陆体验教育发展的策略是:倡导行业价值引领,深化体验教育理念,发挥高校研发优势,强化资源整合力度。     

东亚经济一体化的困境与出路

区域经济合作的迅猛发展,促使东亚经济走上了一体化的快速发展道路。但是由于历史和现实原因,东亚经济一体化进程面临着多重制约因素。加快推进东亚经济一体化应增强东亚意识,完善发展模式,提倡大国合作和建立有效的运行机制。     

科学发展观——我国公共政策评估的首要标准

公共政策评估标准是开展公共政策评估的前提。为了更有效、更科学地开展公共政策评估活动,应设立正确的首要标准,以首要标准来统率次要标准。科学发展观标准应当成为我国公共政策评估的首要标准:科学发展观标准是对以往我国公共政策评估标准的纠正和完善;科学发展观标准符合我国社会主义国家公共政策的本质要求;科学发展观标准顺应公共政策的发展趋势。坚持科学发展观作为我国公共政策评估的首要标准能有效提升我国公共政策质量,推进我国社会主义和谐社会建设进程。     

中国—东盟现代物流业发展人才支撑体系研究

外向型高级物流管理人才的缺乏已经成为制约广西物流业高速发展的瓶颈问题,如何培养能够适应中国—东盟合作要求的国际化实战型物流人才,已经成为各方面关注的问题。本文提出了面向中国—东盟培养国际物流人才模式的概念,通过对该模式的解析,在参考了现实中成功做法的基础上,为这种模式的选择提供参考,并为该模式的运作提供长效机制建设的建议。     

A communotropic theory of economic voting

Within the social sciences, there is a long and storied history of the effect of economic conditions on vote choice. The traditional arguments are that voters have personal (egotropic) and/or other-regarding (sociotropic) preferences and that they reward and punish politicians electorally based on economic conditions at these levels. However, there is a third option. As industries, employment, and economic conditions are not uniformly distributed across the country, preferences may be locally based. This project combines unique survey data with Metropolitan Statistical Area unemployment numbers and finds evidence of distinct preferences at a third “communotropic” level.