存贷款的利差空间缩小后商业银行怎么办

央行 5年 8次降息 ,存贷款利差不断缩小 ,利润主要来自存贷款利差的商业银行 ,应设立理财顾问 ;开展混业经营 ;开辟民营通道 ;推行理财管理 ;更新服务方式 ,以此转变客户投资观念 ,拓宽盈利空间 ,寻求新的商机 ,提升服务层次 ,争夺优质客户。     

全国人大常委会的代表性探讨

人民代表机关应该而且必须具有代表性,即必须经过专用程序和方式代表人民的意愿和利益。代表性是人民代表机关的根本属性。人民代表机关只有具有代表性,才能保障自身的民主性质。只有人民代表机关具有代表性,整个政权体系才具有民主根基。全国人大常委会的代表性还很欠缺。缺乏代表性使全国人大常委会的民意代表机关的真实性成为问题;这又不能不影响全国人大常委会行使职权的正当性。应从选举环节和沟通环节增强全国人大常委会的代表性。     

Malapportionment in space and time: Decompose it!

Existing studies on legislative malapportionment often conceptualize and measure this phenomenon with little regard to intertemporal variations and the malapportionment-generating process (MGP). Our conceptualization leads us to introduce a measure called α-divergence that can identify the vote inequality derived from various stages of MGP. Using an originally created database that covers 440 elections in 112 countries, we decompose the overall degree of malapportionment into three stages: malapportionment that arises at the stages of interstate apportionment, intrastate districting, and allotment of seats to special districts. We also provide analyses that can decompose the demographic and political factors contributing to the trends of the overall degree of malapportionment for selected countries.     

The impact of election outcome on internal political efficacy: The role of contextual factors

Many studies have investigated the consequences of election outcome for one of the important public attitudes, political efficacy. The effect of election outcome on external efficacy has been confirmed by most previous studies, whereas the effect on internal efficacy is not clear-cut. By reconceptualizing internal efficacy based on the social cognitive theory of self-efficacy, this study argues that there are two conditions for an election outcome’s impact on internal efficacy: the expected difficulty of winning and the level of involvement in the election. By analyzing panel survey data collected for three Japanese Lower House elections, this study shows that election outcome exerted an impact on internal efficacy if the following two conditions were simultaneously satisfied: (1) winners/losers perceived that the election was difficult/easy to win, and (2) voters were deeply involved in the election process.     

自助寄存引发的法律问题

自助寄存被广泛用于大型超市。有些学者认为自助寄存的性质为寄存柜的借用合同 ,超市不应承担场主的法定保管义务。本文通过对自助寄存流程的分析及其与人工寄存的比较 ,认为自助寄存的性质仍为保管合同 ,超市应当对寄存物承担约定保管义务。同时 ,因消费者进入超市购物必须将所携带物品交付寄存 ,故超市应当承担场主责任 ,这也是合同法上附随义务的当然内容。     

“Wisdom of crowds”? A decentralised election forecasting model that uses citizens’ local expectations

Many studies report the “wonders of aggregation” and that groups (often) yield better decisions than individuals. Can this “wisdom of crowds”-effect be used to forecast elections? Forecasting models in first-past-the-post systems need to translate vote shares into seat shares by some formula; however, the seat–vote ratio alters from election to election. To circumvent this problem, this paper proposes citizen forecasting, which aggregates citizens’ local expectations to directly forecast constituencies. Using data from the 2010 British Election Study, this paper finds (1) that groups are better forecasters than individuals, (2) that citizen forecasting correctly predicts a hung parliament, and (3) that marginality and group size are important predictors for “getting it right”.     

2011年韩国政治外交述评与展望

2011年韩国的政治外交出现了不少新的变化。＂安哲秀现象＂的出现打破了长期以来保守和进步两派左右韩国政治的格局,韩国社会开始形成超越保守与进步理念的＂第三势力＂。朴槿惠、韩明淑等一批女性政治家活跃于韩国政坛,备受瞩目。韩国在继续强化韩美同盟关系的同时,进一步加强与中国的外交关系。为了克服国际金融危机的影响,韩国大力开展FTA外交,并取得了显著成果。2012年是韩国大选之年,韩国各种政治势力正在积极整合力量,希望在选举中谋求自己的利益最大化。韩国政府将继续调整与大国的关系,开展多边外交,并积极推进与中国和日本的FTA谈判。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的乡选运动及其启示

抗日战争时期,陕甘宁边区的选举运动是边区政权建设中最具民主特色和优势的一部分。尤其对于乡选①,边区政府更是完全从边区实际出发,制定了一系列切实可行的政策法规,开展了扎实到位的宣传工作,采取了灵活有效的选举办法,形成了一套完整而又颇具特色的选举模式。同时,边区的乡选也积累了丰富的选举经验。边区乡选对当今基层选举的启示是,民主的选举理念和原则是选举的灵魂,有效的动员机制是唤醒民众参选的重要法宝,人性化的选举方式是成功选举的可靠保证,彻底的监督检查既是选举的程序也是选举的目的。     

存款货币财产所有权研究

关于存款所有权的归属,尽管我国有关法律法规已经明确,在学术上却是一个仍有待澄清的问题,国内已有的存款人所有权说、银行所有权说、双重所有权说等从表面上看似乎都有一定的道理,但实际上均缺乏足够的说服力。可是,这一理论问题的重要性是不言而喻的,不少案件的定性与这一问题直接相关。鉴于此,有必要在梳理相关学说的基础上,正本清源,探寻存款所有权的真正归属。事实表明,虽然存款人对于存款货币财产权可以在债权、所有权之间选择行使自己的权利,但这并不影响有关法律法规立场的正确性,存款所有权非存款人莫属。新近的存款货币新型财产说不可取。     

建立存款保险制度的法律思考

存款保险制度作为世界大多数国家金融监管的重要制度,在保护存款人利益、维护金融秩序稳定等多方面起着不可替代的作用。然而,在我国现阶段,是否应建立该制度仍存在一定争议。本文结合存款保险制度基本内容以及对各国存款保险制度的构建模式分析,提出在我国建立该制度的必要性及立法构想。