Social networks and mass media as mobilizers and demobilizers: A study of turnout at a German local election

This paper explores the impact of informal communication in voters’ social networks and the formal communication of the mass media on individuals’ propensity to take part in elections. Analyzing survey data from a recent local election in Germany it shows how both forms of communication may not only mobilize, but also demobilize voters. On the whole, personal communication appears more influential than mass communication. The media’s effects are generally weaker than those of social networks. Moreover, they are mediated by attitudes, while social networks have strong direct effects. These originate mainly from information conveyed through personal contact with voters and abstainers in one’s immediate social environment. Social voting norms are only influential, if they originate from persons’ families and are in favor of electoral participation.     

韩国的选举制度与政治体制

本文旨在分析韩国的选举制度如何加大了社会的不平等现象。1997年金融危机之后,韩国社会迅速走上两极化道路。本文分三个层次进行论述。一是简要介绍韩国的选举制度。这将作为支撑本文核心见解的框架。二是考察韩国选举制度导致的＂民心歪曲＂现象。三是探讨政治制度的党派特征。即使同为民主主义,但选择比例代表制还是多数制将决定其政策方向。最后,在结论部分中强调,若要使韩国的选举制度取得更加均衡的政治结果,就一定要取消现行多数制,采用比例代表制度。比例代表制将有助于实现得票和议席之间的均衡,并进一步创造平等的民主主义。     

竞争倡导研究

竞争倡导是反垄断执法机构实施的除执法以外所有改善竞争环境的行为，具有促进和补充反垄断执法、推进竞争政策有效实施和推动竞争文化建设的重要作用。反垄断执法针对私人限制竞争，竞争倡导关注政府干预限制竞争的风险，故所倡导的竞争应围绕干预的适当性、主导权及期望实现的目标来界定。分析各国竞争倡导的制度路径，借鉴其成功经验并结合我国现实诉求，我国竞争倡导制度构建的重点在于引入立法优先咨询制度、推动准入管制的放松、逐步缩减反垄断除外适用范围、健全对管制的竞争评估、帮助企业进行合规制度建设，以形成多样化的倡导工具。     

关于打造全国劳动竞赛示范区的若干做法与拟想

天津滨海新区总工会2010年成立以来，组织动员广大职工深入开展以“建功滨海促发展，十大战役展风采”为主题的劳动竞赛，被全总命名为“促进区域发展全国示范性劳动竞赛”。今年将致力于谋求“三个提升”，即进一步提升劳动竞赛的规范化管理水平；进一步提升劳动竞赛的精细化运作实效；进一步提升劳动竞赛的区域化示范作用。     

Made in the USA? Immigrants' imported ideology and political engagement

This study explores both the extent to which immigrants' pre-migration ideological predispositions might serve as a heuristic, by which these individuals anchor and adjust their ideological predispositions in the new polity, and the extent to which imported ideology enhances the likelihood of immigrants' political engagement once in their new home. Empirical tests take advantage of two unique survey datasets of Mexican immigrants residing in the United States; one of which incorporates a survey embedded experiment. Results show that immigrants' ideological predispositions in the country of origin do anchor these individuals' ideological predispositions in the new host country in terms of intensity and directionality. Most importantly, imported ideology does heighten the prospects of immigrants' electoral participation in the United States.     

Partisan self-interest and electoral reform: The new Italian electoral law of 2005

In December 2005, Italy's mixed-member electoral system was replaced with a system of bonus-adjusted proportional representation. The reform conformed with rational-choice models in that it was imposed by the ruling coalition, which sought to bolster its own power interests. But the case illustrates the impossibility of reducing such power-based motivation to a single goal, such as seat maximization. Power is shaped by many factors, and electoral systems influence many of these. This article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the various power-oriented considerations that may operate in electoral reform. It then analyses the role these played in Italy. It argues, in particular, for the need to take account of coalition dynamics when studying such processes.     

不完全竞争中的价格信息

完全竞争市场中的人被假定拥有充分的信息和处理信息的能力 ,因此 ,价格被假定只需包含供求均衡与否的信息 ,市场出清只需价格与供求的相互作用就可以实现。现实的市场是不完全竞争的 ,信息变化的偶然性、主体知识的有限性、机会主义与道德风险导致了不完全信息 ,导致了价格信息的非真实性 ,使得价格和供求的相互作用不再能使市场出清。卖主的控价行为等 ,不能消除信息不完全 ,但可减少不完全竞争中的效率损失 ,有助于配合价格机制建设高效率的不完全竞争市场模型     

企业创新技术竞争保护方式的比较与选择

企业创新技术的竞争,实质上是如何运用法律手段或专有手段,保护企业创新技术不被竞争对手所掌握,使其处于市场竞争的优势地位.为了保证企业技术创新者的权益不受到侵犯,就必须理顺创新技术竞争秩序.理顺创新技术秩序,关键在于企业如何选择保护方式,这样才能真正地保护新技术,使之立于竞争的不败之地.     

Stability and Change in Party Preference

This article analyses stability and volatility of party preferences using data from the Swiss Household‐Panel (SHP), which, for the first time, allow studying transitions and stability of voters over several years in Switzerland. Analyses cover the years 1999–2007 and systematically distinguish changes between party blocks and changes within party blocks. The first part looks at different patterns of change, which show relatively high volatility. The second part tests several theories on causes of such changes applying a multinomial random‐effects model. Results show that party preferences stabilise with their duration and with age and that the electoral cycle, political sophistication, socio‐structural predispositions, the household‐context as well as party size and the number of parties each explain part of electoral volatility. Different results for within‐ and between party‐block changes underlie the importance of that differentiation.     

提高中国出口产业竞争力与生产性服务的发展

生产性服务发展的严重滞后是制约我国出口产业整体竞争力提高的一个重要因素。生产性服务对推动产业技术进步、提高产品的技术和知识含量、增加产品附加价值、形成产品差异性以及推动生产国际化、降低国际贸易的交易费用等方面都发挥着重要作用。大力发展生产性服务 ,是“十五”期间增强我国出口产业国际竞争力的重要措施