论电子商务中的不正当竞争行为及其防范

随着Internet的发展,电子商务的广泛开展,电子商务公司之间的竞争变得日益尖锐。利益的驱动,法律的空缺,使众多电子商务主体采取非正当手段从事经营活动,不正当竞争行为大量涌现。研究电子商务中不正当竞争的特点、表现以及对其在法律、司法、执法上进行规制是非常必要的。     

Testing for sources of electoral competition under authoritarianism: an analysis of Russia’s gubernatorial elections

What drives electoral competition in competitive authoritarian regimes? Most scholarship has assumed that the outcome of these elections is decided by regime manipulation alone. Using three rounds of newly reinstated gubernatorial elections in Russia’s regions, I test this assumption. I identify three distinct measures of competition calibrated to authoritarian elections and assess whether voter preferences or regime manipulation best explain the degree of electoral competition. Relying on new data on protests across Russia’s regions, I find that regions with high protest activity have more contested elections with narrower margins of victory. The results also confirm recent scholarship highlighting the importance of voter turnout for delivering pro-regime victories.     

Success and failure in electoral competition: Selective issue emphasis under incomplete issue ownership

Political parties are often argued to compete for voters by stressing issues they feel they own – a strategy known as ‘selective emphasis’. While usually seen as an electorally rewarding strategy, this article argues that cultivating ‘your’ themes in the public debate is not guaranteed to be electorally beneficial and may even become counter-productive. It describes the conditions under which ‘selective emphasis’ becomes counter-productive, and applies the argument to recent discussions regarding the strategies of mainstream parties confronting the extreme right.     

保护竞争而不保护竞争者?——对主流反垄断法观点的审视

"保护竞争而不是竞争者"被奉为反垄断法的原则。受此影响,我国反垄断法的宗旨中并不包括保护竞争者。"保护竞争而不是竞争者"被误读,通过将其还原到原始文本之中、联系上下文来考察其真正含义后,并不能得出"不保护竞争者"的结论。从反垄断法的价值体系来看,"保护竞争者"和"保护竞争"属于不同层次的价值目标,二者并不矛盾。"保护竞争而不是竞争者"最初在审理企业并购案件中提出,即便在经营者集中制度中适用,也不能任意扩展到反垄断法的其他制度,因为从垄断协议和滥用市场支配地位制度来看,对"竞争者"的保护是其必然要求。     

民主政治本体论探析

民主政治是当今世界的潮流,现代民主在古代民主基础上有很大发展。现代民主概念至少包含少数服从多数、遵循程序、保护少数三个方面的内涵;现代民主政治的表征至少表现为社会关系是平等的契约关系,活力源泉是公平竞争,权力建构是均衡形式;现代民主政治的比较优势表现为具有非凡的亲和力,能够保持政治秩序的持续稳定,有利于人民参政议政,能够保证政治体系内在的活力,有利于避免错误的发生,能够保证政治体制的客观公正。     

全域覆盖 全员参与 全方位推进 不断创新劳动竞赛工作机制

天津市电力公司近年来大力施行全域覆盖、全民参与、全方位推进的劳动竞赛,不断创新竞赛机制,主动将竞赛活动融入我市和企业中心工作,取得了明显的成效,工会在企业中的地位和作用也得到明显提升。     

Social networks and mass media as mobilizers and demobilizers: A study of turnout at a German local election

This paper explores the impact of informal communication in voters’ social networks and the formal communication of the mass media on individuals’ propensity to take part in elections. Analyzing survey data from a recent local election in Germany it shows how both forms of communication may not only mobilize, but also demobilize voters. On the whole, personal communication appears more influential than mass communication. The media’s effects are generally weaker than those of social networks. Moreover, they are mediated by attitudes, while social networks have strong direct effects. These originate mainly from information conveyed through personal contact with voters and abstainers in one’s immediate social environment. Social voting norms are only influential, if they originate from persons’ families and are in favor of electoral participation.     

韩国的选举制度与政治体制

本文旨在分析韩国的选举制度如何加大了社会的不平等现象。1997年金融危机之后,韩国社会迅速走上两极化道路。本文分三个层次进行论述。一是简要介绍韩国的选举制度。这将作为支撑本文核心见解的框架。二是考察韩国选举制度导致的＂民心歪曲＂现象。三是探讨政治制度的党派特征。即使同为民主主义,但选择比例代表制还是多数制将决定其政策方向。最后,在结论部分中强调,若要使韩国的选举制度取得更加均衡的政治结果,就一定要取消现行多数制,采用比例代表制度。比例代表制将有助于实现得票和议席之间的均衡,并进一步创造平等的民主主义。     

竞争倡导研究

竞争倡导是反垄断执法机构实施的除执法以外所有改善竞争环境的行为，具有促进和补充反垄断执法、推进竞争政策有效实施和推动竞争文化建设的重要作用。反垄断执法针对私人限制竞争，竞争倡导关注政府干预限制竞争的风险，故所倡导的竞争应围绕干预的适当性、主导权及期望实现的目标来界定。分析各国竞争倡导的制度路径，借鉴其成功经验并结合我国现实诉求，我国竞争倡导制度构建的重点在于引入立法优先咨询制度、推动准入管制的放松、逐步缩减反垄断除外适用范围、健全对管制的竞争评估、帮助企业进行合规制度建设，以形成多样化的倡导工具。     

关于打造全国劳动竞赛示范区的若干做法与拟想

天津滨海新区总工会2010年成立以来，组织动员广大职工深入开展以“建功滨海促发展，十大战役展风采”为主题的劳动竞赛，被全总命名为“促进区域发展全国示范性劳动竞赛”。今年将致力于谋求“三个提升”，即进一步提升劳动竞赛的规范化管理水平；进一步提升劳动竞赛的精细化运作实效；进一步提升劳动竞赛的区域化示范作用。