司法的科技应用：两个维度的观察与分析

司法智能化，诸如数字技术的司法应用，具有两面性。在我国，相关问题的研究主要着眼于网络犯罪领域如何利用科技手段打击犯罪，对于政府权力的限制及其相关的法律的正当程序问题，研究与讨论尚不够充分。可以从两个方面探讨司法的科技应用，特别是大数据司法应用涉及的两个维度问题，一是犯罪控制维度，二是正当程序维度，它们在各自含义中体现了实体正义和程序正义的观念。通过对司法技术性问题进行分析，发现我国法院和检察院作为司法机关，对于侦查权的司法控制还有很大的拓展空间，大数据应用为司法机关加强对侦查权的控制提供了新的契机。     

An end to “Civil War politics”? The radically reshaped political landscape of post-crash Ireland

The European debt crisis has impacted on electoral politics in most European states, but particularly in the Republic of Ireland. The severe nature of the economic crash and the subsequent application of austerity policies have brought large fluctuations in political support levels, with the three parties that have dominated the state since its foundation – Fianna Fail, Fine Gael and Labour – all being adversely effected. The extent of these changes is highly controlled both by geography and by class, with political allegiances proving to be highly fluid in certain parts of the state. Growing support levels for left wing parties and groupings, but most notably Sinn Fein, appear to be moving Irish politics away from the old “Civil War” style of politics and bringing it more into line with the traditional class cleavage politics of continental Europe.     

District magnitude and the personal vote

In spite of widespread interest in the effects of electoral institutions, research has largely missed, or misspecified, the ‘theoretical link’ tying legislators' behaviour to the rules' formal properties. District magnitude, in particular, can operate through the number of candidates running under the same party label and the number of votes required to win (re)election. Using data from the PARTIREP cross-national legislator survey in 15 European democracies, the article demonstrates that district magnitude is a proxy of different processes in closed-list and open-list systems. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how the mechanical effects of electoral institutions translate into incentives on the part of legislators to cultivate a personal reputation.     

论我国农村信用社社股财产的法律控制——规范与发展之间

我国学界对农村信用社的物的要件的研究主要着墨于出资方式与股权配置等几个方面,而对社股财产的法律地位及其构成的探讨几近空白。为此,法律有必要通过对社股财产的法律地位及其构成作出明确规定,使农村信用社能够恪守合作本性,又能够谋求商业发展,以求得规范与发展之间的平衡,从而秉持为农民这类弱势群体所需的信用构造。     

浅析港口国监控引起的船舶不适当滞留之法律救济

港口国监控作为船旗国监控的有力补充，日益成为海上安全的第二道防线。随着这一制度的发展，众多低标准船被有效地淘汰了，从而有利于航行安全。对于有重大安全隐患的船舶，PSC0可以通过滞留或其他方式避免其驶出该国港口。但这一制度赋予了PSC0很大的自由裁量权力。由于PSC0对公约理解不同，甚至部分PSC0对某国船舶的偏见等原因，不可避免地会造成对船舶的不适当滞留。针对船舶不适当滞留的相关法律问题进行论述，采取比较研究的方法，分析现行的几种主要救济途径，包括备忘录组织提供的复审程序、港口国国内申诉程序、行政诉讼程序等．试图提出有错的不当滞留之法往特济捺饪．     

新COSO体系下公共部门货币资金内部控制制度优化设计研究

公共部门财务尤其是其货币资金运行机制，不具有企业价值最大化目标，而在政府财政预算支持下运行，因此缺乏内部约束，相比于企业更有可能出现财务收支失控倾向。该文借鉴新COSO内部控制框架，把货币资金内部控制看成一个具有四个相互影响的不同层次的有机系统，通过对部分公共部门财会人员调查问卷数据的统计实证分析，发现公共部门货币资金内部控制制度建设中存在的问题，通过对形成原因进行分析找出影响内部控制效果的关键点，在此基础上充分利用内部控制系统中各子系统间相互作用对公共部门货币资金内部控制制度进行优化设计。     

国有经济的本质作用与改革思路

国有经济在整个国民经济中发挥着主导作用，这种主导作用主要表现在控制力上。笔者认为，这种控制力事实上也就是指国有经济对整个国民经济的宏观调控力，主导作用的本质就是宏观调节和控制作用，国有经济就是为了增强国家对整个国民经济的调节和控制而产生、存在的。我们应当根据国有经济的这种作用本质合理安排和设计国有经济改革和调整的思路。     

精神病患者流浪街头现象及相关问题分析

家庭遗弃、监护不力、立法缺失等多种因素共同造成精神病患者滞留街头现象的出现,并由此导致一些社会问题产生。消除该现象应以社区为中心,设立相应的救助安置、监管机构,同时还应加强精神卫生知识宣传力度,使人们对精神疾病有正确认识。     

汽车垃圾的资源化管理

汽车垃圾是城市重要的污染物。文章综合介绍了国外汽车垃圾资源化途径，提出了对我国汽车垃圾再循环利用的建议，以达到汽车垃圾污染治理的目的。     

Manipulating electoral laws in Singapore

The literature on electoral authoritarianism has drawn attention to the use of democratic electoral institutions for undemocratic gains. This paper adds to this body of work by showing how a sophisticated hegemonic party in Singapore manipulated its majoritarian electoral system to “manufacture” its legislative supermajority. By measuring the psychological and mechanical effects of the altered electoral system in Singapore, it shows how changes in the rules of the game boosted the incumbent's legislative dominance despite its declining vote shares in the late 1980s. It also offers new evidence to show how electoral manipulation create an uneven playing field with institutional constraints that penalize smaller parties and benefit the ruling, larger party.