数字证据的程序法定位--技术、经济视角的法律分析

基于证据在程序中的重要地位以及证据与社会发展息息相关的紧密关联,要促进程序法在数字时代的发展,首先要研究的便是数字技术对包括民事、行政、刑事证据在内的程序证据制度的影响.使用"计算机证据"、"电子证据"概念并不能科学地归纳出这种证据的内涵,而"数字证据"概念则更符合其本质特征.在证据类型上,数字证据与书证、视听资料等已有证据类型颇不相同,是一种新的独立的证据类型,并且,在证据规则上,数字证据具有与其数字技术特性相应的新规则.     

犯罪本质的新诠释

犯罪本质论具有理论和实践价值。关于犯罪本质主要有社会危害性说、法益侵害说和伦理规范违反说,但社会危害性说和法益侵害说存在不同的问题。本文主张基本伦理规范违反说,刑法立法和司法中的若干问题可以证明该说的合理性。     

《铁路法》中刑事罚则适用问题研究

《铁路法》刑事罚则所规定的有些内容与现行《刑法》的相关规范之间存在着法律冲突问题,同时二者间还存在着特别规定与一般规定、新法与旧法的关系,而且其法律位阶上也有差异。研究表明,《铁路法》中刑事罚则的内容已纳入现行《刑法》,已为现行《刑法》的相关内容所吸收和替代,因此其刑事罚则的内容实际上已失去原有的立法价值。     

国际私法中的识别问题初探

识别是国际私法的一个基本问题。在涉外民事案件的处理中,识别冲突是普遍存在的现象。识别冲突具有多方面的成因,解决识别;中突的理论也各有千秋,但也均有不足之处。识别问题不仅对适用冲突规范具有意义,而且对确定管辖也有影响。     

村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿的困境与出路—以人权保障为视角

人权的核心理念在于维护人之为人的尊严,自由与平等的和谐统一是和谐人权的本质特征与必然要求。“农嫁女”征地补偿歧视与村民自治的矛盾是村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿困境的主要表现,这种困境的实质在于自由与平等价值的背离。村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿保障的出路,应以和谐人权为其宪政依据,只有通过对和谐人权意识的培养才能逐步建立完善村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿保障的相关制度。     

从“证据法学”走向“证明法学”——证据法学研究的基本趋势

英美法系国家的证据理论正在将关注的重点由证据可采性规则转向证明过程。大陆法系国家的证据理论关注的重点始终在于证明规则。我国的证据理论先后经历了萌芽阶段、"以证据为中心"的阶段以及"证据与证明并重"的阶段,到本世纪初又有了新的发展,呈现出"以证明为中心"的态势。证据法学研究的基本趋势是从"证据法学"走向"证明法学",我国未来的证据法学研究必须顾及到这种研究重心的转移。     

论我国遗产范围立法的完善

值此我国《继承法》正被修改之际,提出修改、完善立法的建议：遗产范围涵盖被继承人生前债务的观点,不符合我国民众对遗产内涵的理解和我国法律对遗产界定的传统习惯,故不宜被采纳。对于立法模式的选择,宜采取正面概括与反面排除相结合的模式,删除现有对财产种类的列举性规定,新设反面的排除性规定,同时明确被继承人之人身专属性财产的除外地位;对于遗产的性质界定,应删除“合法”二字的限定词,补充财产占有也属于遗产的范围;对于遗产范围的具体内容,应当增设不完全遗产的一般规定,专门明确其概念,然后分别在遗产分割和必遗份（或特留份）制度中具体规定不完全遗产的主要内容,包括归扣或扣减的主体、标的、免除及方法等。     

Instituciones electorales,derecho a la información y medios de comunicación durante las campañas presidenciales de 2012

This paper assesses the performance of Mexican electoral authorities during the 2012 presidential campaigns concerning citizens’ right of information. By means of a theoretical review of the concepts of freedom of speech and right of information a case is made for the necessary complementarity and interdependence of both concepts. The paper explores the approach that electoral authorities adopted on three different spheres, namely, the “suggested guidelines” that were submitted to radio and television agencies for the coverage of electoral campaigns; the monitoring of campaigns coverage by radio and TV news broadcasts; and the organization and promotion of electoral debates among Mexico’s presidential candidates. This review reveals a considerable clash between theory and the ife’s and tepjf’s practices. The paper closes with some general remarks on freedom of speech and the role of electoral bodies in Mexican politics, as well as with a proposal of various reforms that could reinforce freedom of speech and the right of information in the coming electoral campaigns.     

The place of parties in contemporary democracies

The electoral system has often been considered an important determinant of the political stability that the Federal Republic of Germany has enjoyed in the half-century of its existence, so that it has been often indicated as a 'model' for electoral reforms in other democracies. The analysis of the political impact of the German electoral system after 1949 shows that such impact was different in the different phases of evolution of the party system. In the 1950s, the German party system was characterised by a higher level of fractionalisation, which the electoral system contributed progressively to reduce. That phase was followed by 30 years of concentration and defractionalisation of the vote. In the last decade, the post-reunification party system presents again higher electoral fractionalisation, which the electoral system has partially reduced in the vote-seats translation. In the current political contingency it is doubtful, however, that the electoral system by itself can contain fragmentation on a durable basis.     

Questioning generational replacement. An age,period and cohort analysis of electoral volatility in the Netherlands, 1971–2010

Political behavior has been changing all over Western Europe and electoral volatility is one of the facets of politics in which this change is apparent. Theories on stabilization of political attitudes and behavior in lifetime and the slow rate at which change in the electoral arena is found to proceed, have led to the assumption of generational replacement as the mechanism driving change. The Netherlands, however, provide a remarkably different case of this trend in electoral volatility. The country has shifted from an example of how cleavages stabilize politics to one of the most electorally volatile countries in Europe. The Dutch surge in electoral volatility thus contrasts with expectations of a slow process driven by generational replacement. Starting from this apparent contradiction between the evolution of volatility in the Netherlands and theories on generational replacement, this article investigates time effects of electoral volatility. The study is based on an age, period and cohort analysis on the repeated cross-sectional data of the Dutch Parliamentary Election Studies, 1971–2010. Based on characteristics of such repeated cross-sectional data, individuals are cross-classified in birth cohorts and election years respectively, which overcomes the identification problem inherent in cohort analyses. Results of a Cross-Classified Random Effects Model (CCREM) indicate that, contrary to the hypothesis of new generations causing the increase in volatility, the Dutch change can be attributed primarily to period effects. As such, the analyses indicate that a general shift in the Dutch electorate has caused the growth in volatility and that supply-side factors should probably be analyzed when trying to explain electoral volatility.