基于舆情及资讯分析方向的专业人才培养模式研究与实践

针对目前全国舆情及资讯分析行业发展对人才的迫切需要,在高等院校开设舆情分析相关的专业,已成为适应市场岗位需求,革新专业人才培养方向的迫切问题。本文以我院舆情及资讯分析方向人才培养为例,阐述了在(学)校、政(府)、企(业)行(业)三融合下,结合其职业性、领域性特点,构建舆情及资讯分析方向人才培养模式框架及X与Y二维度人才培养的模式问题。     

社会主义和谐社会视阈下的网络舆情引导

以和谐社会理念为指导,正确引导网络舆情,应该做到:开放包容,切实维护网民的合法话语权;信息公开,抢占网络舆情引导的主动权;依法治网,增强网络舆情引导的规范性;防患未然,创建不良网络舆情预警机制。     

略论司法鉴定样本

司法鉴定样本是指从受审查客体中抽取的用于进行比对和分析的样品或标本.司法鉴定样本可以分为比对样本和分析样本两大类.司法鉴定样本的种类、数量以及收集样本的主体、程序和方法等,对鉴定意见的客观性和合法性都会产生直接或间接影响.要确保司法鉴定的客观性和合法性,收集和制作司法鉴定样本必须坚持同类性原则、重复性原则、相近性原则、充分性原则和合法性原则.     

“Sorry,wrong number”: Why media polls on gun control are often unreliable

Abstract

How scientific are the polls reported in the media on the gun‐control issue? Without arguing for or against gun controls, this article examines the interviewing and sampling methods used by media polls and finds that some polls claiming impressive majorities in favor of severe gun controls may not be accurate.     

着眼于“透明”的网络问诘与能动回应——基于司法公信力提高的时代分析

不断提高司法公信力是建设社会主义法治国家的基本要求,网络民意、网络审判、网络法治成为现代化背景下影响司法场域输出司法正义的重要因素。能动回应网络时代对司法公信的质疑,从而提高司法公信力是司法体制内外的共同任务。案情公开、证据公开、判决理由公开、允许网络法治存在、为司法松绑是司法秩序摆脱"寻租性"监督,实现司法秩序独立,回归司法原点,提高司法公信能动回应网络问诘的有效措施。     

Popular evaluations of election quality in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria

Despite the important consequences of citizens' election quality perceptions on political behavior and political attitudes, very little is known about how citizens formulate their perceptions of election quality. In this paper, I assess the correlates of citizens' perceptions of election quality. I suggest that the performance of election-related institutions is an important correlate of citizens' election quality perceptions. However, citizens' experience with electoral irregularities, and partisan affiliation also matter. I test these hypotheses in the context of the 2007 Nigerian general elections using survey data from Afrobarometer and International Foundation for Electoral Systems. The findings provide robust support for the hypotheses. Most importantly, the results indicate that the performance of electoral management bodies is associated with citizens' assessment of election quality in Africa and that citizens demand electoral management bodies with impartiality and professionalism.     

Issue evolution in Britain: The debate on European Union integration, 1964–2010

While Carmines and Stimson's work on issue evolutions has prompted research showing the dynamics and effects of new party alignments on abortion, religion, gender and cultural issues, this research has all centred on the United States. This article examines issue evolution in Britain. Using evidence on the timing of changes in elite positions from Comparative Manifestos Group data, and survey data on public attitudes to the European Union with a longer historical sweep than heretofore, the article finds strong evidence that the European issue has followed an issue evolution path, though with distinct dynamics contingent on the pace of elite re‐positioning. Thus, this article extends the theory of issue evolution to a parliamentary political system and demonstrates the responsiveness of the public to elite cues, while also providing additional insights from a unique case in which elites have staked out distinct positions not once, but twice.     

The Epistemic Value of Public Opinion: Theoretical and Practical Considerations

Abstract

This paper discusses the claim that citizens lack sufficient political knowledge to make sound judgements on public matters. It is contended that practical judgements raise essentially two types of claims, namely a claim to empirical truth and a claim to normative rightness, and that there are good reasons to believe that people's insufficient political knowledge undermines both of them. Yet, an examination of the dynamics of public opinion formation reveals that there is an epistemic potential in public opinion, though it is dependent upon the quality of public debate. Building on this idea and on the concept of deliberative responsiveness, two paths of political reform are proposed, which should illustrate the practical implications of the theoretical argument made in this paper by demonstrating how the quality of public debate and, thus, the epistemic value of public opinion could be enhanced.     

Media as Moderator of “the Sympathy Effect”

SUMMARY

How does public opinion respond when faced with the tragic death of a political candidate in the midst of an election campaign? The concept of the sympathy vote suggests that media coverage of the tragedy and the unification of public opinion carry the party of the deceased to victory on Election Day. Yet, the emotional dynamics of public opinion may not be so simple. This study argues that the relationship between emotion and candidate support hinges largely on behavioral expectations and media coverage. If messages violate expectations, media will focus on controversy leading to a dissipation of the sympathy effect in public opinion. This investigation elaborates on the mechanisms governing the relationship between campaigns and public opinion by emphasizing the significant link of media coverage in the process, and by defining boundaries of the concept of the sympathy vote for further theoretical consideration.     

论负面新闻报道的舆论引导

新闻分为正面报道和负面报道。在新媒体时代,以暴露和批评为主的负面报道,也可以有效地剔除糟粕,净化社会环境,张扬人性的力量。因此,要以崭新的思维与视角来做好负面报道,本着信息为本、受众为本的原则,充分尊重老百姓的知情权,对负面新闻报道做到不夸张、不缩小、不遮掩也不渲染,更杜绝"反面文章正面做",客观、公正、及时、准确、全面地将真实情况告诉受众。让负面报道,特别是灾难新闻报道中的人情、仁爱、人文关怀成为人类苦难的"温柔抚摸者",挖掘负面新闻报道的正面效应。同时,做负面新闻报道时,要揭开事实真相,发挥负面报道的舆论引导作用,积极营造廉洁、廉明、廉正的舆论场,匡正社会风气,维护公平正义。