万山特区新农村建设面临的问题及对策

贫困落后地区把握好历史机遇克服困难,奋力推进社会主义新农村建设的根本出路在于争取国家政策倾斜,加强农村教育,提高农民素质;改善优化环境;加强农村基层组织建设,完善村级管理。     

地方政府突发公共事件应急机制初探——以新公共管理理论为视角

随着各种突发性公共事件的频繁发生,突发性公共事件管理已经成为各级政府的最重要管理职能之一。目前地方政府突发性公共事件应急管理中存在着一些问题,积极探索和构建其应急机制非常必要。我们应以新公共管理论为视角,确立构建地方政府突发性公共事件应急机制的可行性对策。     

动态情景下突发事件应急预案的完善路径研究

突发事件应急预案是"一案三制"的重要内容,对我国应急体系的建设和完善起到了积极的作用,但突发事件应急预案在实践中却遇到了缺乏针对性和可操作性的困境。突发事件的发生、演变和危害等具备极强的不确定性和独特性,其应对是高度情景依赖的,本文将对这种实践困境给出理论上解释,并从风险评估基础上的参与式编制、特殊情景下的授权与监督、加强应急预案培训和演练等方面提出针对性的政策建议。     

On special protections for rescuers and helpers

There is something intuitively correct about singling out emergency workers for legal protection, and for criminalizing not just assault, but obstruction. Moreover, at least one sophisticated theory of right and wrong – Scanlon’s—indicates some deep reasons for endorsing these intuitions. After applying Scanlon’s theory in the relevant way, I want to argue that the same grounds it provides for recent Scottish legislation and UK sentencing guidelines can also be given for punishing more seriously offences that current English law trivialises.

社会应急能力建设与志愿服务法制发展——应急志愿服务是社会力量参与突发事件应对工作的重大课题

透过巨灾应对工作经验可以看出政府应急与社会应急的不同角色和分工;志愿者在"5.12"地震救援和灾后重建中发挥着不可忽视的重要作用;我国的社会应急能力建设与志愿服务法制发展面临着一系列亟待研究解决的课题,专题调查获得的研究结论证明了相关问题的普遍性和严重性;鉴于此,从志愿服务法制、社会动员法制和公共应急法制的发展方向以及我国实际出发,应思考加强社会应急能力建设和完善应急志愿服务立法的若干对策。     

公安政治工作应急机制建设的实践与思考——以四川公安抗震救灾政治工作为例

2008年以来,四川公安先后经历了抗击＂5.12＂特大地震灾害和支援青海玉树抗震救灾的严峻考验。面对特大灾难,公安政治工作大胆解放思想,超常规加速拓展传统公安政治工作的方式、方法和手段,为卓有成效地应对一系列重大特殊事件提供了强有力的思想保障、组织保障、素质保障、机制保障和舆论保障。经验主要是：1.打破思维定势,科学定位公安政治工作应急机制;2.尊重抗震救灾实践,科学架构公安政治工作应急机制;3.服务实战需要,科学实施公安政治工作的＂平战转换＂。     

Major depression – a study on the validity of clinicians’ diagnoses in medicolegal assessment

Major depression ranges among the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, diagnoses of depression are often underlying insurance, compensation or disability claims. This report evaluates the validity of clinicians’ diagnoses of major depression in a sample of claimants. In 2015, n = 127 consecutive cases were examined for medicolegal assessment. For all of them, a diagnosis of major depression had been established by clinicians. All testees underwent a psychiatric interview, a physical examination, they answered questionnaires for depressive symptoms according to DSM-5, embitterment disorder, post concussion syndrome (PCS) and unspecific somatic complaints. Performance and symptom validity tests were administered. Only 31% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 major depression according to self-report, while none did so according to psychiatric assessment. Negative response bias was found in 64% of cases, feigned neurologic symptoms in 22%. Symptom exaggeration was indiscriminate rather than depression-specific. By self-report, 64% of the participants qualified for embitterment disorder and 93% for PCS. In conclusion, clinicians’ diagnoses of depression seem often confounded by improper assessment of the diagnostic criteria, confusion of depression with bereavement or embitterment and also by response bias.     

The 2001 British Election Study Internet Poll

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on the findings of the Internet component of the 2001 BES and compares them with those of the other BES pre-election surveys. Part 1 outlines the rationale that underpins the introduction of Internet polling as a supplement to more traditional methods of assessing mass public opinion. Part 2 describes the marginal distributions on the key dependent variable-the projected vote shares of the main political parties-of the three pre-election polls that were conducted using BES questionnaires. Intriguingly, the (unweighted) Internet-based poll provided a better guess of the actual vote shares in the subsequent election than either of the two conventional polls. Part 3 provides a more detailed comparison of the profiles of the face-to-face and Internet-based polls. It shows how the Internet poll, compared with the face-to-face poll, was skewed demographically towards the professional classes and politically towards the Conservative Party. Part 4 explores the extent to which the use of the Internet poll might result in spurious causal inferences being drawn about the sources of voting preferences in the 2001 UK election. A simple, direct-effects causal model is estimated using both the face-to-face probability sample data and the Internet survey data. The results suggest that, although the raw probability and Internet samples differ significantly, the relationships among the key variables do not differ significantly across the two samples. We conclude that Internet polling has an important part to play in gauging and analysing public opinion in future UK elections.     

The Need for Gender-Sensitive Medical Interpreters for Victims with Limited English Proficiency in Sexual Assault Examinations

Abstract

The difficulties and trauma associated with sexual violence are exacerbated by language difficulties. Language difficulties pose particular barriers in accessing legal, social, medical and support services. This presents additional challenges for sexual assault response teams (SART). The SART members serve critical functions in supporting a victim of sexual violence from trauma to trial.

This paper addresses the need for trained gender-sensitive medical interpreters for adult female victims with limited English proficiency (LEP) in sexual assault examination, and thus the need for inclusion of trained medical interpreters in SART. Such needs were articulated from interviews with advocates and medical interpreters in the US, from literature reviews and conversations with women with LEP in the US. The paper closes with a set of specific recommendations that will promote comfortable accessible service to female victims of sexual violence with LEP.