The Tian Anmen massacre

The aftermath of the 2008 general election saw a series of upheavals occur in the Malaysian political landscape, not least of which was the emergence of a so-called “new politics.” Driven primarily by concerns over issues of public governance, this politics contained a set of interrelated questions involving changing notions of legitimate political authority. Although much has already been written about whether or not the post-2008 changes to Malaysia's socio-political terrain are genuine and enduring, I argue that many such analyses are too narrow in scope and fail to adequately recognise the complexity involved in such social realities. By distinguishing between the images and practices of the Malaysian state, this article aims to highlight the dynamic, contingent and contested nature of processes of legitimation. A detailed investigation of the consensus/dissensus surrounding Prime Minister Najib Razak's concept of 1Malaysia as the basis of a collective national identity reveals a more fundamental contestation occurring within contemporary Malaysian politics and society over the source(s) of political and moral legitimacy. While the opposition's challenge to Najib's administration remains formidable, of more pressing concern to Najib might be the objections arising from within his own party over the direction in which he is taking them. To define the present horizon of socio-political possibilities in Malaysia it is not enough, therefore, to simply explain how legitimation occurs; we must also be able to account for the way(s) in which it can occur.     

Forensic Identification of CITES Protected Slimming Cactus (Hoodia) Using DNA Barcoding

Slimming cactus (Hoodia), found only in southwestern Africa, is a well‐known herbal product for losing weight. Consequently, Hoodia extracts are sought‐after worldwide despite a CITES Appendix II status. The failure to eradicate illegal trade is due to problems with detecting and identifying Hoodia using morphological and chemical characters. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of molecular identification of Hoodia based on DNA barcoding. Screening of nrITS1 and psbA‐trnH DNA sequences from 26 accessions of Ceropegieae resulted in successful identification, while conventional chemical profiling using DLI‐MS led to inaccurate detection and identification of Hoodia. The presence of Hoodia in herbal products was also successfully established using DNA sequences. A validation procedure of our DNA barcoding protocol demonstrated its robustness to changes in PCR conditions. We conclude that DNA barcoding is an effective tool for Hoodia detection and identification which can contribute to preventing illegal trade.     

中国汉族人群不明原因猝死与NOSlAP基因多态性的相关性

目的研究日常活动中不明原因猝死（suddenunexpecteddeath,SUD）者NOSlAP基因的单核苷酸多态性。方法收集60例一般日常活动中SUD病例心血样本作为SUD组,另外随机抽取80例无关个体的外周血样本作为对照组,提取基因组DNA,用特异性引物对NOSlAP部分SNP位点（rsl0494366、rsl0918859、FSl2143842、rsl2742393、rs3751284、rs348624）进行PCR扩增和直接测序,计算等位基因频率和基因型频率．并分析各SNP位点在SUD组与对照组之间的差异性。结果NOSlAP第6外显子区域的rs3751284位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两组人群中的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。rs3751284位点的最小等位基因的频率在SUD组为0．325,在对照组为0．475。结论rs3751284位点可能是SUD的易感基因位点。     

昆明“3·01”事件后城市反恐的着力点

昆明"3·01"事件有恐怖犯罪实施、国际恐怖势力、恐怖活动的组织活动等三个环节,这三个环节是恐怖势力在城市进行恐怖活动的三层"附着力"。北京"10·28"、昆明"3·01"和乌鲁木齐"4·30"恐怖事件后中国面临的恐怖威胁进入一个新阶段,城市恐怖威胁越来越突出,恐怖袭击在内地城市可能呈现泛化现象,城市反恐成为国家安全的重要议题。城市反恐斗争的着力点就是打击恐怖势力在城市的"附着力"。     

关于韩国女子歌手组合“2NE1”魅力的修辞学分析

2010年以后,韩国的流行音乐组合＂2NE1＂人气急剧上升,在韩国内外成为引领新一代＇韩流＇的标志性音乐团体。本文应用了古代西方修辞学修辞学方法论作为理论基础,以五个领域中除掉＂背诵＂以外的＂联想＂、＂排列＂、＂表现＂、＂发表＂四个修辞学角度,分析推出＂2NE1＂组合受欢迎的原因所在。并通过修辞学方法论去分析文化现象,试图推断并预测这种文化现象所反映的时代潮流。     

以心灵洗礼破解“四大危险”——对落实“七一”讲话精神与开发桂林红色教育资源的思考

胡锦涛总书记在中国共产党建党九十周年“七一”讲话中指出,我们目前面临精神懈怠、能力不足、脱离群众和消极腐败四大危险,创新党的建设,是我们必须着力解决的重大理念和实际问题。桂林的红色教育资源人文底蕴深厚,载体特色鲜明,社会影响深远,具有“独特的心灵洗礼体验”功能。开发红色教育资源,有利于创新党的建设,对破解“四大危险”有重要价值。     

3种国产化试剂盒与Identifiler^TM试剂盒检验结果比较

目的比较3种常用国产化PCR扩增试剂盒与IdentifilerTM试剂盒的检验结果。方法对455份中国汉族无关个体血样,分别用IdentifilerTM、DNA TyperTM15、GoldenEye 16BT、AGCU17＋1 4种试剂盒进行检测,对其中共有的11个基因座位分型结果进行比较,并对有差异的样本进行测序分析。结果 3种国产化试剂盒在455份样本中,发现4例样本的分型结果有差异,差异率为0.88%。其中,DNA TyperTM15试剂盒CSF1PO基因座发现1例等位基因丢失,AGCU17＋1试剂盒D18S51基因座发现1例等位基因扩增不平衡,测序结果表明,2例均系点突变导致;GoldenEye16BT试剂盒D21S11基因座发现2例假3峰型,其中1例测序未发现碱基突变,分析3峰原因可能是stutter滑脱峰所致。结论与IdentifilerTM试剂盒比较,3种国产化试剂盒均有分型差异现象,成因不同,在实践中应给予注意。     

Development and validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Direct PCR Amplification Kit: a multiplex assay for the direct amplification of single-source samples

Abstract: The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Direct PCR Amplification Kit is a new short tandem repeat multiplex assay optimized to allow the direct amplification of single‐source blood and buccal samples on FTA^® card without the need for sample purification and quantification. This multiplex assay has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Validation results revealed that slight variations in primer concentration, master mix component concentration, and thermal cycling parameters did not affect the performance of the chemistry. The assay’s sensitivity was demonstrated by amplifying known amounts of white blood cells spotted onto FTA^® cards, and the assay’s specificity was verified by establishing minimal cross‐reactivity with nonhuman DNA. No effect on the age of the sample stored on the FTA^® substrate was observed and full concordance was established in the population study. These findings of the validation study support the use of the Identifiler^® Direct Kit for forensic standards and database samples genotyping.     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.