地位与策略:“大调解”中的人民法院

本文是对当前部分地方推行的,力图追求法院在大调解中占据主导地位的本土实践的反思,并试图通过论述证明:法院在现有的制度环境下很难真正地扮演起大调解中的主导角色。这与执政党对法院的定位、社会公众对解纷机构的选择倾向和司法的固有限度息息相关。法院的这种角色决定了其在追求大调解格局主导地位过程中所采用的各种策略。这些策略的采用虽然极大提升了法院解决疑难纠纷的能力,但却同时进一步限制了法院对主导地位的追求。二律悖反的事实说明准确定位才是法院在大调解中发挥更大作用的基础和关键。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Ibbetson A Historical Introduction to the Law of Obligations
Ripstein Equality, Responsibility and the Law
Rubio-Marin Immigration as a Democratic Challenge: Citizenship and Inclusion in Germany and the United States     

合法性与联动性:城市社区治理结构的社会组织嵌入——一个新制度主义的分析框架

推动社会组织嵌入社区治理结构,是满足社区居民多层次、多样化治理需求的重要途径,是新时代我国城乡社区治理体系建设的重要内容。新制度主义视角下的合法性机制从不同维度建构社会组织嵌入城市社区治理结构的现实逻辑。从健全正式制度的均衡治理,推进规制性要素的强制性形塑;从实现策略性的专业化治理,推进规范性要素的适应性形塑;从强化共同理念的文化认同,推进文化-认知性要素的内生性形塑。社会组织“嵌入式”发展是阶段路径,“融入式”发展是升级路径,推动制度要素和技术治理联动优化,形成更加成熟健全的组织自主性生长机制。     

分析女性受压迫问题的另一视角——《女权主义政治与人的本质》述评

《女权主义政治与人的本质》是阿莉森.贾格尔的代表作。该书认为异化概念可以为系统分析当代社会女性所受压迫提供一个比阶级分析更恰当的理论框架。异化是当代资本主义社会中女性的普遍和基本体验,女性的彻底解放需要一种社会生产的全新组织模式和彻底消除女性柔弱气质。该书认识到了父权制和资本主义制度之间的同一性和彼此强化性,但用异化这个马克思在其成熟时期已然弃用的概念来做理论框架的基础使得贾格尔的分析有时会显得力不从心。     

审视与评析：人民调解的十年复兴——新制度主义视角

在新制度主义看来,人民调解的复兴是各级司法行政机关在强烈扩张冲动影响下所进行的自下而上的改革。改革的核心是为了获取人民调解组织在当下中国制度环境中的正当性。在此过程中人民调解不断改变组织结构以适应制度环境对正当性的定义,因此人民调解组织的结构就日益同构化。同时,由于不同位阶的制度环境型塑了多样的正当性需求,人民调解组织的行为和结构就势必会发生断藕。新制度主义为我们评析人民调解的发展提供了全新的视角。     

从制度主义转向行动主义的社会治理--读张康之教授《公共行政的行动主义》

近代以来的社会治理突出了制度主义的逻辑，社会治理的一切活动都是在制度的框架下开展的。制度主义逻辑中的社会治理依附于中心—边缘的社会结构，政府位于社会治理的中心，通过制度对社会进行普遍性的统一的治理，结果却在对技术理性的追求中把社会治理导向了精英治理的格局。自20世纪80年代起，人类社会进入了高度复杂性与高度不确定性的历史阶段，政府垄断社会治理的局面受到了挑战，依靠制度的社会治理出现了失灵，因而需要谋求新型社会治理模式的建构。就现实的社会治理过程来看，由于社会治理主体的多元化，行动与制度之间的逻辑关系被重置。民主的内涵从制度转向行动，专注于行动会把社会治理引向合作治理的方向。张康之教授的《公共行政的行动主义》为我们展示了社会治理从制度主义到行动主义的转向，并创造性地描述了走向合作治理的图景。     

Contextualism, Feminism, and a Canadian Woman Judge

Feminist legal scholars have never cut the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada as much slack as the second. Yet the first, Justice Bertha Wilson, introduced the contextual method into the Court’s jurisprudence. Her approach to contextualism is consistent with one of three feminist legal methods that Katharine T. Bartlett identifies. More specifically, it is consistent with Bartlett’s feminist practical reasoning. However, Justice Wilson’s contextualism is not without its critics. The most challenging, Ruth Colker, contends it must work in conjunction with a distinctive substantive principle. Justice Wilson took a different approach, aligning the contextual method with the constitutional principle of proportionality. Thus construed, this paper argues, contextualism represents a new approach to feminist judging.

People Trafficking: Conceptual issues with the United Nations Trafficking Protocol 2000

This paper examines the UN 2000 Trafficking Protocol in the context of international responses to the issue of people trafficking. Attention is drawn to the conceptual flaws in this new instrument regarding the failure to address domestic trafficking, not incorporating the purchasing and selling of people as defining characteristics of trafficking, and the lack of clarity around issues of prostitution. Framing the discussion within feminist theory, the essay concludes that women’s campaigning will continue to be crucial to putting issues such as human trafficking on the international political agenda. This is extended to affirm that people’s struggle against oppressive circumstances will lead the tackling of the underlying causes of trafficking.     

From Discourses to Policy: Analyzing the Creation of an Accountability Discourse in Colombia

This article analyses the construction of a public discourse about accountability in Colombia. The article maps the different interpretations that actors make of political ideas related to accountability and their change over a period of 13 years (1991–2014). The article has an interpretive framework and uses content and discourse analysis techniques to identify meanings different actors give to the concept of “accountability” and changes in these meanings. It identifies an academic discourse on accountability, as well as external actors’ discourses that influenced the construction of a public and official discourse in Colombia. It concludes by identifying the effect of this process of building consensus about meaning on the resulting public policy.