Leniency Program: A New Tool in Competition Policy to Deter Cartel Activity in Procurement Auctions

This paper discusses the impact of a leniency program on incentives within cartels. The objective of this program is to encourage a cartel member to confess and implicate his co-conspirators with hard evidence about their collusive agreement. We develop a simple model of cartel behavior under a first-price sealed-bid procurement auction and we show how an effective leniency program can prevent the internal coordination of cartel members.     

Gender Mainstreaming Strategies in the E.U.: Delivering on an Agenda?

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of anew policy style within the E.U., characterized by voluntary policy transfer between member states and soft policy instruments including exchange of best practice, targets, benchmarking and national league tables. This article examines how these methods have been used by gender mainstreaming advocates and evaluates the impact of this strategy to-date upon E.U. policy-making procedures and outputs. It is argued that mainstreaming has provided new opportunities for feminists to influence the E.U. policy agenda, but that the impact of mainstreaming varies between sectors and member states. The concluding section considers the implications of E.U. mainstreaming from the perspective of the European Women's Lobby(E.W.L.). This discussion highlights the potential opportunities and risks for feminists of mainstreaming. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Gender mainstreaming and the framing of women's rights in Europe: The contribution of the Council of Europe

Drawing on published materials from the Committee of Ministers, Assembly and expert working groups of the Council of Europe, this paper investigates the distinctive contribution made to the framing of women's rights over the last two decades by this regional organisation, which recent studies of the `Europeanisation' of public policies have largely neglected. Elements of congruence are identified between the major mobilising themes of second wave feminism and the Council's emphasis on protecting individual rights, and its sensitivity to the incompleteness and shortcomings of `actually existing' democratic institutions and practices. The relative openness of its agenda-setting processes is also underlined. The Council's flag ship policies for women are shown to have centred since the mid-1980s on a `politics of presence' frame and the (contested) concept of `parity democracy', and the tensions between these and the more recent turn to gender mainstreaming are explored. But the paper also points to the Council's role in diffusing into the E.U. governance arena women's claims to equal participation and presence in the policy process, and notes recent French and U.K. legislation as testifying to the continuing salience of these claims at the national level. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

远东共和国时期的布里亚特—蒙古人

布里亚特—蒙古人历史上是蒙古族的一支 ,居住在贝加尔湖地区。十月革命波及到布里亚特—蒙古地区 ,192 0年春贝加尔湖以东的布里亚特—蒙古人成为刚刚成立的远东共和国的居民。远东共和国政府执行列宁的民族政策 ,在布里亚特—蒙古人中开展工作 ,挫败了民族上层分子和富农的反革命活动 ,破天荒给布里亚特—蒙古人民族区域自治的权利 ,并在战争的条件下为少数民族劳动人民的生产和生活提供了力所能及的帮助     

我国扩大内需的政策选择和效果评价

我国目前不具备实行凯恩斯理论的制度基础和政策条件 ,克服当前内需不足困难的关键是结合中国的经济实际 ,把短期手段和长期发展目标结合起来 ,把增加有效需求与增加有效供给结合起来 ,把宏观经济政策的调整和综合配套改革结合起来 ,这样才能有效解决当前国民经济运行面临的矛盾和中长期发展的问题。     

开放状态下大学生政治价值观结构形态的定位研究

对开放状态下大学生政治价值观结构形态的定位研究,目前有四种有争议的论点:(１)认为是国家大政治、大背景下的结构形态;(２)认为是大学生的政治情感、政治观念、政治行为的表现形态;(３)认为是政治价值观价值结构的工具性、理论性、终极性价值层面的表现形态;(４)认为是大学生政治人格的表现形态。这四种论点,实际上对应着相关的政治教育模式。各种政治教育模式定位,各有其优势和不足。系统、科学地对大学生政治观结构形态进行定位研究成为目前的理论热点和难点。     

Advance price announcements and antitrust policy

This paper analyzes the competitive significance of advance price announcements. In the model, advance price announcements are used by firms to communicate private information on demand or cost. By so sharing the information, the firms are able to set their prices at more profitable levels. When the advance price announcements resolve demand uncertainty, profits rise and consumer surplus falls. Interestingly, when the advance price announcements resolve cost uncertainty, both profits and consumer welfare rise. Finally, we examine U.S. antitrust policy regarding price announcements.     

国际妇女运动的发展与中国的男女平等基本国策

2004年是全国妇联建会55周年。遵照胡锦涛主席的指示精神,这一年被定为“男女平等基本国策”宣传年。顺应妇女发展的世界潮流,在强有力的国内政治背景下,我国于1995年提出“男女平等是促进社会发展的一项基本国策”。近10年来,党和政府采取了一系列有力措施,从法律政策、组织机构、运作机制入手,促进男女平等和妇女发展,取得了显著效果,但也存在一些问题。目前,妇联已与151个国家和地区近700个妇女儿童组织和机构建立了友好联系,成为具有广泛国际影响的妇女组织,对推动国家关系、维护世界和平起到了重要作用。     

老挝外资立法与中国外资立法的比较分析

吸引外来投资是发展中国家发展国民经济的重要手段。老挝与中国都属于发展中国家,两国为了吸引外资,促进国民经济发展,都努力形成了一定规模的外资法体系。由于两国国情不同,在外资立法结构体系上采取了不同的模式。     

征地拆迁中的"权""利"制衡--某市高校新区征地拆迁个案研究

本文通过对某市高校新区征地拆迁个案进行研究,从一个动态的视角观察国家正式权力的行使边缘与村民自治的利益保障边界的消长关系和原因,并试图探讨当代农民的公平公正观念,从中窥视村民自治后农民与政府的新关系.