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191.
This article looks at how and why the concept of ‘family’ was used in Dutch migration policy in the period between 1945 and 2005. Throughout this period differences were made between migrant women and migrant men. Whereas the migration of men was associated with labour migration, the migration of women was equated with family migration. Migrant women were constructed as wives and mothers (and not as workers). This construction of women was combined with a victimhood discourse in which women were presented as victims of repressive religion (usually Islam), domestic violence, trafficking and prostitution, and discriminatory government policy. The victimhood discourse was successfully used to acquire rights for migrant women (mostly the right to stay), but as a result all migrant women came to be seen as vulnerable and in need of protection. In this article, I show how this combined family and victimhood discourse was used by governments, by (migrant) organizations and, to a lesser extent, in court cases to create differences between migrant men and women. The ‘success’ of the victimhood discourse is not only explained by the fact that it fitted (Western) ideas on femininity. It was also used to give a humanitarian face – albeit beneficial to women only – to an essentially restrictive immigration policy. 相似文献
192.
Joanna Perry 《Liverpool Law Review》2008,29(1):19-36
In the past, and it still remains the case, people with learning difficulties who are victims of violence have been cast as
being in need of protection rather than rights and justice. Such an approach belies an institutionalised perspective of harm
that does not readily engage with criminal justice structures or solutions. At the same time, Sect. 146 of the Criminal Justice
Act 2003 gives the court the power to pass enhanced sentences where it can be proven that a crime was motivated by hostility
towards someone because s/he is disabled. However, this provision may simply remain a symbolic pledge to equality that fails
to tackle the complex and deep rooted causes of violence and oppression in modern society. The consequences of automatically
turning to hate crime ‘solutions’ have yet to be explored. This article will draw from the ideas of a number of thinkers in
the context of diverse activism to construct a bridge between current debates about how to theorise and tackle violence and
oppression in the modern world and the campaigns fought by people with learning difficulties and their supporters. The hope
is that this exercise will not only help people with learning difficulties to access the current debate but will further develop
current thinking about how to understand and tackle violence in the modern world.
相似文献
Joanna PerryEmail: |
193.
This paper summarizes the broad foundations of the changing nature of parenthood by examining trends in coresidence with children under age 15. Our study uses data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) to provide a portrait of demographic parenthood in the US over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In describing changes in parenthood over the past 110 years, we distinguish between those living with own children and those living with other children. We focus in particular on changes in gender patterns of coresidential parenthood and changes in the likelihood that divorced men and women live with children. We also examine the impact of the baby boom on parenting. Our findings support a recasting of ongoing discussions of the parental roles of American men and women by shifting the historical demographic focus from biological transitions to the social aspects of parenting. 相似文献
194.
When does the Gender Difference in Rumination Begin? Gender and Age Differences in the Use of Rumination by Adolescents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A cross-sectional non-clinical sample of 1,218 adolescents, aged 10–17 years, completed measures of stress, rumination, and
depression to allow tests of the response style theory of S. Nolen-Hoeksema [J Res Adolesc 4:519–534, 1994] in adolescents,
in particular whether increasing levels of stress and rumination in early adolescence are predictive of the onset of the gender
difference in depression. Overall, females reported higher levels of stress, rumination, and depression than males. The onset
of the gender differences in stress and depression occurred at age 13 years, and for rumination one year earlier at 12 years.
Significantly, also from 13 years, rumination explained the gender difference in depression by showing that it significantly
mediated the effect of gender on depression. Gender moderated the rumination to depression relationship; specifically the
association was stronger for females than males. Developmental differences were noted in that rumination significantly mediated
between stress and depression earlier in the age range for females than males. Results supported many of the predictions of
Nolen-Hoeksema’s model of the emergence of a gender difference in adolescent depression.
相似文献
Isobel BrownEmail: |
195.
Belinda L. Needham 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(8):893-905
This study applies latent growth curve analysis to data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent
Health (n = 10,828) and finds that symptoms of depression and social support interact with one another in a dynamic fashion across
the transition from adolescence (mean age at Wave 1 = 15.28 years) to young adulthood (mean age at Wave 3 = 21.65 years).
Parental support during adolescence is inversely associated with initial symptoms of depression for girls and boys, although
adolescent girls with low levels of parental support begin the study period with significantly higher levels of depressive
symptomatology than their male counterparts. In addition, adolescents who begin the study period with higher levels of depressive
symptomatology report less parental support during young adulthood. Finally, regardless of their initial level of depressive
symptoms, girls and boys who experience increased symptoms of depression over time also report lower levels of parental support
at the end of the study period.
相似文献
Belinda L. NeedhamEmail: |
196.
Rupa Reddy 《Feminist Legal Studies》2008,16(3):305-321
This article examines the debate on whether to analyse ‘honour crimes’ as gender-based violence, or as cultural tradition,
and the effects of either stance on protection from and prevention of these crimes. In particular, the article argues that
the categorisation of honour-related violence as primarily cultural ignores its position within the wider spectrum of gender
violence, and may result in a number of unfortunate side-effects, including lesser protection of the rights of women within
minority communities, and the stigmatisation of those communities. At the same time it is problematic to completely dismiss
any cultural aspects of violence against women, and a nuanced approach is required which carefully balances the benefits and
detriments of taking cultural factors into account. The article examines the issues within the context of the legal response
to cases involving honour-related violence, arguing that although the judiciary has in a number of cases inclined towards
viewing ‘honour’ as primarily cultural rather than patriarchal, in some cases they have begun to take a more gender-based
or ‘mature multiculturalism’ approach.
相似文献
Rupa ReddyEmail: |
197.
略论国际商事仲裁的优势及其实现途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
邓杰 《甘肃政法学院学报》2001,(4):26-30
与国际民事诉讼相比 ,国际商事仲裁的优越性表现在其所具有的自主性、专业性、灵活性、经济性、保密性以及国际性等方面 ;其局限性则表现在仲裁庭权力的有限性以及仲裁公正的不确定性等方面。要充分实现国际商事仲裁的优势 ,完善国际商事仲裁制度应从三个方面着手 :树立正确的仲裁理念、制定完善的仲裁规范 ;提高相关人员的仲裁意识。 相似文献
198.
Jane Freedman 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(4):413-433
Criticisms have been made against international laws and conventions on asylum and refugees, arguing that these have been
based on a male model of definition, which have ignored women’s persecutions. This article will argue that recent developments
in European asylum policy have the potential to deepen this discrimination and to further reduce the rights of female asylum
seekers. Although there have been some positive developments in jurisprudence that have recognised that gender-specific persecution
may be the basis for granting asylum, these advances remain relatively sporadic and are undermined by the operation of random
and discretionary exercises of power by bureaucrats and decision makers in many cases. Further, although new developments
in asylum policy are in theory “gender neutral,” differences in the material circumstances of men and women who arrive to
seek asylum may mean in effect that the implications of these policies are deeply gendered.
相似文献
Jane FreedmanEmail: |
199.
李占五 《江南社会学院学报》2007,9(4):23-27
促进社会公正、构建社会和谐对我国社会主义物质文明、政治文明和精神文明的建设起着至关重要的作用,对落实科学发展观、全面建设小康社会具有非常重要的意义。当前我国社会中存在的各种不公现象,是我国经济社会快速发展过程中产生的问题,有其客观、主观两方面的原因;应在正确分析和理解原因的基础上,采取针对性措施,坚持正确的思想观念与具体行动措施相结合,治标措施与治本措施相结合,减少甚至消除社会不公现象,促进构建和谐社会的伟大事业。 相似文献
200.