Debunking the myth of a “Traditional” gender gap in the electoral support for Silvio Berlusconi in Italy (1994–2013)

Despite increasing gender realignment in voting behavior of most Western democracies, women are usually believed to have disproportionally supported Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing party in Italy. Using a pooled dataset based on six post-election surveys (one for each general election between 1994 and 2013), we find only spurious evidence for such a traditional gender gap in voting. Going beyond a mere “gender gap” approach, we then look for possible intra-gender differentiation. We find that housewives tend to present those attitudes – voting for the center-right, more leader-oriented –, which were traditionally imputed to “women”. Showing the importance of this “intra-gender occupational gap”, we conclude that heterogeneity among women should be taken more seriously by research that combines gender and electoral studies.     

The gender gap in same-gender voting: The role of context

If parties nominate both male and female candidates, open-list PR electoral rules enable voters to engage in same-gender voting (i.e. select candidate of the same gender). In this regard, there is a gender gap in Finland, an otherwise highly egalitarian country: over time, men tend to support mostly male candidates, while women are roughly equally divided between male and female candidates. This study investigates whether voters' likelihood of selecting a candidate of the same gender is affected by contextual factors. Based on pooled cross-sectional data from five Finnish parliamentary elections between 1979 and 2011, it shows that gender differences in same-gender voting are substantially reduced when district magnitude and gender ratios among candidates and elected deputies are taken into account.     

“多数人暴政”的伦理悖论与现实解决途径研究

伦理悖论是日常生活中时有发生的公共问题,上升到政策层面上,众多政策制定者都希望通过合理的政策设计来弥补、甚至避免伦理两难和漏洞。以一个经典的伦理学悖论案例为切入点,分析了"多数人暴政"这个高频发生的命题产生的逻辑起点和原因,通过现实事件探讨了现实生活中"多数人暴政"对国家政治、经济、文化的实际影响,提出了在公共政策中可以通过法律约束、社会监督和文化感化政策来对多数人的暴政进行一定的预防和控制,以期对现实的政策制定有所借鉴帮助。     

父权的延续——基于对农民工家庭的质性研究

基于对34个农民工家庭的质性研究发现,农民工夫妻共同外出后,夫妻间的性别关系并没有发生根本性改变,原有的不平等关系复制到了城市。不平等关系得以延续的原因有:农村社区中传统的劳动性别分工及性别规范对农民工夫妻的影响并没有减弱;受家庭本位观念的影响,家庭的整体利益抑制了农民工夫妻对各自利益的追求;农民工夫妻基于各自的能力进行分工,夫妻间能力的差距不仅没有缩减反而有扩大趋势。     

马克思主义民主观的历史嬗变——兼论中国共产党人的民主理论与实践创新

马克思主义经典作家将共产主义与民主结合起来,对人类社会发展的基本规律作出了细致和深入的论述,提出了一系列伟大的构想。以中国共产党人为代表的新时期的马克思主义者,立足本国具体实际,将马克思主义基本原理与中国国情相结合,创造性地发展了马克思主义的民主观,实现了民主理论与实践的双重创新。     

港、澳对“一国两制”制度化应有的努力

“一国两制”之所以可以在香港回归之后，继续维持其繁荣与稳定，其主要的原因，在于北京将香港在1997年之后的“繁荣与稳定”视为政策成功的关键，因而给予大力的支持，这就使得十余年来，“一国两制”的成功得力于北京片面的努力，从北京到香港都忽视了香港对维护“一国两制”应该存在的责任。本文认为北京和香港应该将“一国两制”，视为一种在国家典范下的新制度，欲使“一国两制”成为不同于“一国一制”的制度，香港不应对抗“一国”，更应该与“一国”合作，才能使“一国两制”成为香港长治久安的制度保障。     

Counting the costs of HIV and AIDS to civil-society organisations

HIV threatens the survival of many civil-society organisations (CSOs) in Africa. While we know the range of potential costs to such groups, we lack a detailed picture of the extent of the impact. This article highlights important findings from exploratory research in Malawi. Respondents perceived that overall performance in the four CSOs studied declined by an average 20 per cent because they were working in a context of high HIV prevalence. Yet the CSOs' workplace response to this threat was very limited, and they remain highly vulnerable to future impact. We consider why the CSOs have not been more proactive, and we recommend that donor policy should help partners to respond to the epidemic and enable them to remain effective.     

论法的价值与正义

正义始终是自然法的最高价值追求 ,是人类一种最基本的价值理想。正义在法价值论中有着稳定的统帅作用。法要成为正义之法应将正义很好的溶入其中。法同正义有着天然的联系 ,但法又不完全等同于正义。     

效率与公正之平衡:国际商事仲裁内部上诉机制

对于因错误裁决而遭受巨大风险损失的当事人而言,一裁终局并非国际商事仲裁的优点。他们通常会寻求国内法院的司法救济,因此上诉机制的缺失并不能保证国际商事仲裁的终局性和效率。现行司法救济程序不但难以有效纠正错误裁决,反而会严重破坏国际商事仲裁的种种优点。建立选择性仲裁内部上诉程序在一定程度上既有助于提高国际商事仲裁的效率又能保证裁决更加公正。     

城市中学生消费中的性别社会化研究——以广州市某中学60名学生的个案研究为例

本文运用民族志观察和个案研究方法,从消费视角探索了城市中学生的性别社会化过程。研究发现,城市中学生消费具有显著的男女性别差异和性别成熟程度方面的特征;其性别社会化的形成机制是从媒体学习到消费体验继而在群体中相互传递,并以20-30岁单身同性的行为模式为学习目标,继而可能引发代际冲突与群体分隔。对于这一现象的研究,不但有助于克服中学生性别社会化研究的薄弱性,而且能够矫正国内中学生消费研究中的部分误导性解释。