Cross-gender Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Early Adolescents and Associations with Attitudes Toward Dating Conflict

This study examined gender differences in cross-gender violence perpetration and victimization (ranging from mild, e.g., push, to severe, e.g., assault with a knife or gun) and attitudes toward dating conflict, among an urban sample of 601 early adolescents (78% African-American). Comparisons across gender groups for cross-gender (e.g., female-to-male) violence perpetration and victimization indicated higher levels of perpetration for girls and higher levels of victimization for boys. Girls also reported higher levels of verbal and physical violence toward partners with regard to attitudes toward dating conflict. A path model was specified and indicated that cross-gender violence perpetration, harsh parenting, peer deviance, low family income, and neighborhood hazards accounted for significant variation in attitudes toward dating conflict. Findings were discussed regarding the need to identify developmental precursors of dating violence in early adolescence and to focus prevention efforts on components (e.g., social skills, coping strategies) necessary to prevent the onset and escalation of adolescent dating violence.

Self-rated health and barriers to healthcare in Ukraine: The pivotal role of gender and its intersections

The ongoing health crisis in the Ukraine has persisted for 48 years with a clear division of gender-based outcomes as seen in the decline of male life expectancy and stagnation of female longevity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in self-rated health and system barriers to health care applicable to gender and its intersections because of the differing negative health outcomes for men and women. Intersectionality theory provides an analytic framework for interpreting our results. Utilizing a nationwide sample of the Ukrainian population (N = 1908), we found that low socioeconomic status (SES) women rate their health worse than men generally and any other socioeconomic group. Yet women also face the greatest barriers to health care until older ages when the ailments of men cause them to likewise face the obstacles. In reviewing the barrier to health care scale, one barrier—that of health care services being too expensive—dominated the responses with some 52.5 percent of the sample reporting it. Consequently, the greatest problem in Ukraine with respect to health reform reported by the population is the out-of-pocket costs for care in a system that is officially free. These costs, constituting some 40 percent of all national health expenditures, affect women and the aged the most.     

Remoteness as a gendered construct

This article explores the potential of using children’s perceptions of distance to reflect a gendered understanding of remoteness. Data collected from 1,549 children in Tanzania concerning their perceptions of remoteness in relation to accessibility of school, health care, and water resources were analysed in reference to their impact on school attendance and performance. Gendered variability in perceived distances to services by children may indicate that remoteness is as much of a social issue as it is a geographic phenomenon, in that girls perceive distance and time between home and destination to be further than boys who travel approximately the same distance.     

现代司法理念与司法为民——一个凌架于最高标准之上的标准

司法为民是最高法院提出的运作和衡量司法活动的一个重要价值目标。值得质疑的是它并不是从司法程序的内部结构、规律与立法的精神方面考虑问题。司法为民只能是司法公正的下位概念,即在一般的国家集体公共利益与百姓利益发生对立时,在司法公正缺乏法律和理论依据时,以为民的价值倾向作为公正的标准,并以此设计制度和具体操作才是正确的。     

司法权异化解读

司法权具有多义性,但主要指审判权即裁判权,异化是哲学上的概念,司法权的异化是对其本质与价值的背离,司法权异化后具体显现为攻击性、混沌性、非终结性、非及时性,从而异化为一种侵犯公民权利的恶法。我们必须对司法权的异化进行矫正,寻找规制司法权异化的“阿基米德基点”,恢复其应有的正义品格,创造一个良好的司法权运作范式。     

女儿节的狂欢与日常——对曹家庄村乞巧活动的社会性别观察

乞巧节,古称"女儿节".女性是乞巧节的活动主体,她们乞求貌巧、手巧、生巧、身巧.从表面看,乞巧节是女儿们的狂欢,实则是在传统的男权体系下对性别意识的教化和强化,是女性对传统性别期待的自我认同.