Adolescent Obesity and Young Adult Psychosocial Outcomes: Gender and Racial Differences

Using a sample of 7,881 African American (915 males and 1,073 females) and White (2,864 males and 3,029 females) adolescents from Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the psychosocial consequences that obese adolescents encounter as they reach young adulthood. Results indicate that obesity among adolescent females is associated with a lower status attainment in young adulthood than normal weight adolescent females. In addition, obese adolescent females have more depressive symptoms in young adulthood than normal weight females, even after controlling for prior depressive symptoms in adolescence. Obesity status among adolescent males is not associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood. We did not find evidence of an interaction between obesity status and race, indicating no significant differences in psychosocial outcomes for obese White compared to obese African American adolescents.

Promotion of Gender Equality at the Workplace: Gender Mainstreaming and Collective Bargaining in Italy

The article examines gender equality in collective bargaining and looks at the extent to which gender and equal opportunities issues have been mainstreamed in industrial relations systems in Italy where, despite the existence of old and new legislation on gender equality, there are persistently low levels of female employment and the precarious workforce is made up predominantly of women. The central question addressed in the article is whether the injection of a gender mainstreaming approach in the Italian collective bargaining system, combined with legislative measures, may improve the situation of women in the context of both public and private spheres. In particular, the article looks at whether gender mainstreaming has the potential to pave the way towards an ethos of substantive equality at the workplace, whereby women enter the workforce on equal terms and men are in a position to share the dual responsibilities of paid and unpaid work. The article maintains that gender mainstreaming may fulfil its transformative potential as a catalyst for changing both the conceptual and analytical tools which the law deploys, provided it is envisaged as a three-fold strategy involving simultaneous processes of deconstruction, replacement and inclusive measures, together with deliberative forms of democracy and the imposition of a statutory positive duty on public authorities to mainstream equality.

物权行为无因性原则与交易公正

不赞成物权行为无因性原则的学者认为 ,无因性原则对恶意第三人的利益也加以保护 ,使原物权人沦为不当得利债权人 ,有违交易公正。这些学者未能注意到 ,在近现代社会 ,债权在经济生活中享有优越地位 ,债权对权利人的保护并非必然弱于物权。从法理上分析 ,无因性原则无须以第三人的“善意”为要件 ,正如善意取得制度强调第三人的“善意”一样 ,第三人“善意”或“恶意”与法的公正价值并无必然的关联。对适用无因性原则进行实证分析也表明 ,该原则在维护交易安全的同时也兼顾了交易公正。因此 ,我国物权法应采纳无因性原则。     

浅析美国警察自由裁量权

警察自由裁量权是警察权力构成中最显著和特殊的一部分。警察自由裁量权存在的必然性和价值使其在20世纪初被发现,至20世纪50年代被确立后又经历了短暂而快速的发展过程。同时,警察自由裁量权也将随着世界警务的发展而发展。     

共产主义:正义及其实现

正义不单单是一个法权概念,更是一个特定的社会历史范畴.马克思对资本主义社会的控诉不仅仅是谴责资本主义是不正义的,最重的是论证这种生产方式本身的缺陷性,这种缺陷使得正义和权利的存在成为必需.对正义的解读不能脱离特定的社会生产力水平和生产关系的维度,对资本主义社会的批判也饱含着生产力和道德的双重标准,即事实判断和价值判断....     

Simply a Matter of Being Male? Nurses’ Employment Outcomes in the Norwegian Labour Market

The gendered segregation of the labour market is well documented: men tend to be employed in more prestigious and powerful jobs compared with women, even within female-dominated occupations. The research that describes the male privilege in nursing rarely problematizes, however, that these men belong to the majority ethnic population. Qualitative studies from the US and Norway show that men of minority ethnic origin experience discriminatory practices from supervisors and colleagues that can have a negative impact on their career mobility. An important insight from those studies is that it is not only gender that shapes careers, but the particular intersection of gender and ethnicity. But to what extent are the employment outcomes of ethnic minority and majority male nurses characterized by similarities or dissimilarities? The current article uses individual-level administrative data to investigate and compare employment outcomes among ethnic minority and majority male nurses in Norway. More precisely, we investigate the likelihood of being employed in long-term care, psychiatric care, and somatic hospitals. Our empirical approach is to estimate employment outcomes by gender, ethnicity, and their interaction. Based on this, we can determine whether it is primarily gender, ethnicity, or gender and ethnicity in combination that predict any intra-occupational segregation of minority and majority ethnic male nurses. The results show that minority ethnic men are over-represented in long-term care and under-represented in hospitals compared with majority ethnic men, whereas both men of minority and majority ethnic origin are over-represented in psychiatric care. We conclude that employment in health care organizations considered more congruent with “masculinity” is most pronounced among male nurses of majority ethnic origin. The results also reveal an emerging pattern of intra-occupational segregation with a clustering of minority ethnic nurses in long-term care, and this tendency is particularly pronounced among male nurses.     

Gender and the experiences of local elected members – a focus on Wales

This article explores issue of gender in relation to the experiences of local elected members. Member experiences are important as this may be one of the factors which lie behind the under-representation of women in political life at all levels. This article is focused on Wales where women make up 26% of local councillors, hold only 20% of cabinet positions and occupy one Leader position. This article reports on the views of male and female councillors from a number of Welsh authorities who, when interviewed, identified very different experiences of elected office. Central to their experiences are their routes into office, personal circumstances and societal influences. The existence of a dominant male political culture is evident and this may have an impact on the participation of women in local political life.     

“土耳其模式”的新变化及其影响

凯末尔时代的"土耳其模式"是世俗权威政治的产物,其基本内涵是以现代化为目标的激进世俗主义、民族主义和西方化。土耳其历史的发展重塑并改变着土耳其模式的内涵,并形成了埃尔多安时代的新版"土耳其模式",即奉行消极世俗主义、民主化、市场经济和对外自主性,强调尊重宗教传统价值观。新版"土耳其模式"是土耳其教俗力量较量的产物,具有一定的民主政治属性,显示出土耳其伊斯兰主义温和化以及伊斯兰与民主可以相容的特点。新版"土耳其模式"为政治转型中的阿拉伯诸国提供了借鉴,并产生了示范效应。但是,"土耳其模式"乃独特历史发展的产物,是难以被复制的,它本身尚未定型,有其局限性和过渡性特征。     

非法行医案件中行政执法与刑事司法的衔接——兼评最高人民法院有关司法解释

我国对非法行医分别在刑法和行政法中做出规定,二者概念及内涵的本质区别是行政违法与犯罪。非法行医案件中行政违法与犯罪的界限,应从主体和客观方面予以准确界分。为了非法行医案件中行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接,应完善案件移送与接受机制,规范案件移送中的证据转化,厘清行政处罚与刑罚的关系。最高人民法院的有关司法解释量化了非法行医中违法与犯罪的界限,有利于司法实践,但仍有不足之处。     

新型权利的司法确立

新型权利,这一概念在于统摄一种现象,即在日新月异的社会生活中,人们基于新的利益要求在原有权利体系的基础上所提出的一类权利要求。本文探讨了新型权利的性质,新型权利对原有权利发展,以及新型权利司法确立方式的优越性。认为新型权利是社会秩序的产物,需要依赖司法程序得以确立,而不仅仅是制定者意志的体现,并在理论上分别从程序和实体两方面阐述了一项新型权利要进入原权利体系所必要的条件。