Shifting gender roles: an analysis of violence against women in post-conflict Uganda

Based on findings from a qualitative study in northern Uganda, this article explores factors leading to gender-based violence (GBV) in the post-conflict African context. The crisis of masculinity becomes crucial to understanding women's vulnerability to GBV. This crisis stems from the trauma of losing one's internal resources – socially constructed identity role and purpose, and one's external resources – wealth and productive assets. We find that armed conflict replaces the positive male identity as household head with a destructive model of masculinity. It is the interaction between negative masculinities and extreme poverty that characterises the prevalence of GBV in such conditions.     

Community-supported models for girls’ education in Pakistan: the transformational processes of engagement

This article presents the case for promoting girls’ education in the contexts of geographic isolation, social conservatism, fragility, and severe financial hardship, with localised services delivered through community supported initiatives, contextualised approaches, and flexible strategies. To examine the significance of using localised approaches for improving girls’ access to education, the article explores three case studies from Pakistan in three different contexts. These cases highlight lessons learnt for establishing responsive and flexible girls’ education initiatives which are relevant in the cultural, social, financial, and political contexts of the girls and their communities.     

Assessing effective participation in vulnerable juvenile defendants

Effective participation in trial is outlined under article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and refers to the ability to understand and engage in trial. Juvenile defendants are often referred to psychologists or psychiatrists by their solicitors to establish ‘effective participation’ capacity. In the USA, key components to participate effectively are defined and standardised assessments available. In the UK, no formal measures exist. A consecutive series of 20 adolescents aged 12–20 years, referred by their solicitors to our service, were assessed using a standardised battery and a semi-structured interview designed to assess effective participation. Fifty-five per cent had at least one neurodevelopmental disorder. Low IQ was common and 50% had age-equivalent language scores below 10 years. Rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD were high. Knowledge about trial was poor. These findings have implications for Criminal Justice System professionals and to ensure fair trials for young defendants.     

Understanding Pathways to Family Dispute Resolution and Justice Reforms: Ontario Court File Analysis & Survey of Professionals

This article reports on two related studies about varying pathways to the resolution of family disputes and the effects of family justice reforms in Ontario: a survey of family court professionals (n = 118) and an analysis of 1,000 closed court files of family cases involving children. Both studies reveal that the vast majority of cases are resolved without a trial, often by negotiation. While professionals generally support family justice reform initiatives, there remain significant gaps in the implementation of these strategies. For example, many litigants do not attend information programs despite the requirement for mandatory attendance; there is limited use of mediation; the views of children are being sought in only a small number of cases; and there is a large proportion of self‐represented family litigants. Despite the increase in shared care and joint decision‐making arrangements, a majority of cases in the court file study were sole custody arrangements to the mother, whether the case was settled or resolved by trial. Mediation was associated with greater time of contact with the non–primary residential parent (usually the father).     

公共理性与合法性——评罗尔斯的《政治自由主义》

与《正义论》相比,《政治自由主义》有两点不同:第一,《正义论》的主题是正义,《政治自由主义》的主题则是合法性;第二,《正义论》的证明诉诸原初状态和道德心理学,而《政治自由主义》的证明则诉诸公共理性。两点不同之间存在着内在的关联,即罗尔斯都用公共理性来证明合法性。     

论管辖权异议制度的完善

完善管辖权异议制度,需要从其自身的权利性质和法律依据出发、从程序性权利的基本属性分析出发,构建良性运行机制（主要是启动、运行、监督等环节）。文章分析了管辖权异议制度的权利运行机制的现状及存在问题,从程序法的视角提出了拓宽适用范围,完善运行、审理与监督机制,从而构建适合我国特色的管辖权异议审理制度。     

Failed aid: how development agencies are neglecting and marginalising Rwandan genocide survivors

This Viewpoint argues that international development aid agencies have failed adequately to address the rights and needs of genocide survivors in Rwanda. It illustrates that genocide survivors remain impoverished and marginalised, and that development aid agencies only tangentially, if at all, acknowledge their vulnerability and take steps to empower them to realise their rights. It provides examples of aid programmes that are reaching genocide survivors and urges development aid agencies in Rwanda to design and implement programmes explicitly for genocide survivors.     

台湾地区大学自治和法律保留之关系

大学自治和法律保留的关系在台湾地区一直充满争议,这种争议源于制度保障说和授权说之间的冲突,前者将自治权视为宪法上的分权而不从属于法律,后者则要求严格适用法律保留,要解决冲突不能仅仅以制度保障说来代替授权说,还需要控制法律对大学事务的规范密度。台湾地区的经验和教训对推动大陆大学法治建设具有重要借鉴意义。     

民事诉讼管辖制度的新发展——对管辖修订的评析与研究

随着《民事诉讼法修正案(草案)》第二次审议稿提交审议,民事诉讼法的修订已接近尾声。管辖制度的修订是此次全面修订的重要内容之一。此次修订丰富了特殊地域管辖的内容,建立了统一的协议管辖,完善了管辖权转移。从我国管辖制度立法的历史沿革看,如何防范和遏制地方保护主义,怎样在程序的起点上保障司法公正,是立法机关制定管辖规则时考量的一个重要因素。协议管辖的设立、管辖权下放性转移的删除,都与保障司法公正有关。对新的协议管辖规则的理解与适用,也不应脱离该规则承载的保障司法公正的功能。     

中国传统经济正义思想探析

经济正义是对经济生活世界中人们的经济行为、经济交往关系以及社会经济制度是否具有道德正义性的价值评价和哲学反思。在中国漫长的传统社会及其经济发展过程中,生成了丰富的经济正义思想,集中体现在：＂富民＂、＂教民＂的生产正义思想,＂义以制利＂、＂诚实无欺＂的交换正义思想,＂礼以定分＂、＂贫富均平＂的分配正义思想,＂黜奢节用＂的消费正义思想。