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221.
Eero Palmujoki 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(2):135-151
This article examines international attempts to regulate the production of and trade in biofuels by establishing criteria
and indicators and certification schemes. It focuses on the norms underlying the criteria and the community constructed on
the basis of them. The theoretical approach here rests on a discussion of these norms and on their constitutive role. This
role creates a community and gives an institutional basis for the global public domain. Accordingly, different norms create
the network on which environmental governance is based. It is assumed that commonly accepted criteria form a common norm.
The article analyses eleven criteria and indicator systems and compares the criteria adopted. Eight were created for biofuels
and bioenergy and three are used in forest certification. Comparison reveals that the criterion aiming to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions is used in Northern systems, whereas commonly accepted environmental criteria are biodiversity and minimization
of pollution. The web of norms on which biofuel production and trade is based comprises environmental norms together with
the general norm of sovereignty and the norms of the market economy.
相似文献
Eero PalmujokiEmail: |
222.
Georgios Papanicolaou 《Trends in Organized Crime》2008,11(4):379-409
Using the concept of global prohibition regimes as an analytical point of departure, this article interrogates the development
and results of the agitation campaign that relayed the new global prohibition regime against trafficking for sexual exploitation
in Greece after 1995. In line with the international trend towards the issue of trafficking in the 1990s, the Greek campaign
has been successful in shaping perceptions of the change in the Greek sex industry on the basis of an equation of prostitution,
trafficking and transnational organized crime, and it also successfully capitalized on transnational supports to induce changes
in legislation and public policy. However, a critical examination of the Greek situation suggests that there is a considerable
discrepancy between the above conceptualisation and the knowledge of the issue emerging from the activities of criminal justice
agencies. The examination of the general conditions of economic exploitation and social marginalization of migrants in Greece
in the 1990s and after reveals significant homologies between the social organization of the sex industry and other sectors
of the economy that have depended on migrant labour. This result underscores the nature of the idea of organized crime as
an ideological construct acting as a diversion from more substantive paths of inquiry into the structures of national economy
that bear upon the exploitation of sexual labour.
相似文献
Georgios PapanicolaouEmail: |
223.
张士金 《云南大学学报(法学版)》2007,20(1):140-144
本文以对全球治理基本特点的分析为基础,指出全球治理对国际法律规则的创制的数量和质量提出了更高的要求,而国际法律规由于立法模式的限制,以及调整对象的局限,严重滞后于全球治理的需要,进而提出必须改进国际法律规则的立法模式。最后,通过对目前关于国际法律规则创制变革主要理论的分析,提出全球治理中的国际法律规则创制必须以以民族国家和政府为中心,非国家行为适当参与,主次分明的多元式立法为立法模式。 相似文献
224.
The present prospective study has followed a cohort of inner city men from adolescence (14±2) until age 65. While previous
studies of shorter duration have identified numerous childhood factors that powerfully influence outcomes in young adulthood,
this study examined the effect of these well-documented prognostic factors on occupational status across the lifespan. Consistent
with previous studies, childhood environmental protector factors and parental social class predicted occupational status at
age 25 significantly, but showed progressively weaker prediction at ages 32, 47 and 65. Timely early childhood development
proved over time to be a far more important predictor than childhood social environment in adulthood.
Ana C. DiRago is a Psychology Ph.D. student in the Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research area. She is involved with
the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Her research interests include resilience and behavioral genetics in mood and anxiety disorders.
George E. Vaillant is a Professor at Harvard Medical School. He has spent the last 30 years as Director of the Study of Adult
Development charting adult development and the recovery process of schizophrenia, heroin addiction, and alcoholism. George
considers Dan Offer a friend and long distance teacher. 相似文献
225.
邹志强 《江南社会学院学报》2013,(4):21-25,30
区域经济治理在主体、客体和方式上与全球经济治理保持内在一致,是后者的重要组成部分和有力补充。海合会成立以来在区域经济合作上取得了显著成就,其政治经济影响力已经逐渐超出了海湾地区。依托丰富的油气资源和巨额石油美元等独特优势,海合会在区域与全球经济体系中占有系统重要地位,成为全球与区域经济治理中一支不可忽视的重要力量。海合会区域经济合作的特征以及与全球经济的广泛深入联系,使其更加有效地参与到全球与区域经济治理当中,也为全球与区域经济治理的融合协调提供了有益借鉴。 相似文献
226.
《International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity》2013,8(2):173-196
AbstractClimate change poses challenges to the socio-economic life globally, though in varying degrees. Southern Africa is one of the regions that has shown signs of changes in climate. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007), temperatures in the region have risen by 0.5 degrees Celsius over the past hundred years. In addition, climate change has resulted in fifteen incidents of drought in Southern Africa between 1988 and 1992. This has consequently had a negative impact on the socio economic life of the inhabitants of the region. While climate change is an issue that requires attention from all spheres of government, it is posited in this article that the local sphere of government needs to be the focal point for redress as it is the sphere closest to the people. Mutanga, Pophiwa and Simelane (2013: 165) note that insufficient human and financial resources, inability to adapt technologically and politically driven climate change related programmes are some of the challenges faced by municipalities in tackling climate change. Capricorn District in Limpopo Province, South Africa has agriculture as one of its critical economic activities; thus climate change is a serious concern in the area. The article seeks to investigate how local government is responding to the climate change phenomenon. The Capricorn District Municipality is used as a case study. It must be noted that, although this municipality is not a typical representation of how the other local authorities in the country are responding to climate change, it however sheds significant light on how this phenomenon is viewed at this sphere of government. The guiding questions are: to what extent is climate change viewed as a challenge by local authorities? Secondly, what measures are local authorities taking to address both the causes and effects of climate change? It is postulated that local government in South Africa is not effectively proactive and innovative in dealing with climate change. There is a need for policies and mechanisms in municipalities that address challenges that are posed by climate change. This is only possible if both elected and appointed officials treat the issue as a priority. Interviews were conducted with key informants and official documents were consulted in order to gather data that would either support or refute the suggested hypothesis. 相似文献
227.
Erik Ringmar 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(2):264-283
The Bush administration's “Global War on Terror” has, by both defenders and critics, been characterized as unique. However, as this article shows, there is a long tradition, both in the United States and in Europe, of fighting wars against “savage tribes”—against enemies who fail to make a distinction between soldiers and civilians, and who use terror as a weapon. The problem of how to fight such groups was much discussed in the legal literature of the nineteenth century. This is a discussion from which it is possible to learn contemporary lessons. 相似文献
228.
丁工 《江南社会学院学报》2014,(3):45-50
在全球治理体系的更替演进中,大国始终占据着绝对优势地位,是处于国际矛盾和重大事件中心的主要角色,也是决定全球治理机制创建进度和主导过程控制的核心要素。从21世纪第2个十年开始,中等强国在推动全球治理体系的创设过程中开始发挥着重要作用,并借助二十国集团机制实现从治理参与者向治理推动者的进阶升迁,不仅标志着中等强国与全球治理体系变革已经初步形成良性的互动关系,还意味着全球治理的制度设计和运作模式步入新的时代。因此,世界政治将逐步朝着代表更多数国家和人民的政治方向转变,国际体系也将逐步转化为全方位发展更具整体性的全球形态。 相似文献
229.
浅析非政府组织在应对全球环境和气候变化问题中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
非政府组织在全球环境政治中日益发挥着重要的作用。从斯德哥尔摩到哥本哈根联合国环境大会,非政府组织都是应对全球环境问题与气候变化以及全球气候谈判中独立的和有价值的行为体,并且与国际政府间组织以及国家之间形成了密切的互动关系,而这种互动关系又影响和改变着全球气候谈判的进程,推动着以国家为中心的环境治理模式向多元中心的全球环境治理模式转变。与此同时,非政府组织在全球环境治理中影响的增强也给我国的环境外交提出了挑战,需要我们用新的思路来予以应对。 相似文献
230.
孙华玲 《南京大学法律评论》2011,(2):299-311
全球气候变暖的趋势不断加剧,《京都议定书》之后的气候变化国际应对机制尚未建立,而当前位于低洼地区的岛国已经面临被迫举国迁移的严重威胁,"气候难民"一词应运而生。但"气候难民"能否获得"公约难民"的资格和待遇,能否获得有关的救济和保护,需要从理论和实践层面进行探讨,为解决这一问题提供相应的法律路径。 相似文献