论当代德国票据无因性理论的缘起——以Einert先生的票据思想为视角

通过对Einert先生的票据思想的研究,了解德国票据法立法的过程、背景,揭示德国早期票据理论的形成和发展对当代票据理论和立法的影响。今天所见的德国票据法在德国经历了300年的历史,无论是票据理论的选择还是法律利益的平衡过程都是曲折的,德国票据法学者作出的贡献也是不可忽视的。     

思想.制度.工具

各国国家安全体系建设的相关经验,可以为总体国家安全观指导下的中国国家安全体系建设提供参考和借鉴。国家安全体系一般都有一些必不可少的基本构成要素,但由于各国历史文化、内外环境和发展需求等方面的差异,这些要素的演变历程、具体内容和实际作用可能大不相同。作为超级大国,美国拥有最为庞大、完备且富于自身特色的国家安全体系。这个体系主要由指导思想、法律制度和保障工具三类要素构成。其指导思想是维护全球性主导地位,并带有绝对安全倾向;决策机制既遵循一套完整的跨部门分级流程,也涉及各种非正式决策模式;法律制度与监管机制系统完备;保障工具与手段多样有力,包括超强的军事能力与联盟体系、强大的经济实力与情报体系以及广泛的社会基础。然而,作为一个在冷战中形成的“安全化国家”,美国的安全目标与手段、资源之间存在持续张力;空前庞大的国家安全体系也会受到内外条件的制约,经常陷入能力捉襟见肘、行为进退失据的境地;尽管在国际体系中拥有显著的“权力优势”,美国同样面临发展利益与安全利益之间的矛盾。     

The birth,life, and death of policy instruments: 35 years of EU gender equality policy programmes

Policy instruments research is an essential part of studying European Union governance. A growing interest in processes of (de-)legalisation and patterns of instrument choice requires a more process- and context-oriented analysis of the EU’s instrument selection. Using a political sociology approach, the article analyses patterns of instrument choice in soft law policy programmes, by examining the life cycle of EU gender equality policy programmes from 1982 to the present day. Gender equality policy programmes offer an in-depth understanding of how the Commission upgrades and downgrades policy instruments. The analysis indicates that patterns of policy instrument choice are not necessarily inflexible once a policy instrument is selected. Instead, patterns vary while the instrument is (de-)legalised. Investigating gender equality policy programmes provides explanations for the shifts in the use of legislative instruments and their limitations.     

依法执政的原则

依法执政的原则,是依法执政这个重大理论和实践问题的根本前提。通过对这个问题的探讨,本文作出对《执政法》的初步设想。     

日本空白票据理论与规则研究

日本法上的空白票据规则,对我国相关规则的完善具有借鉴意义。日本《票据法》第10条和《支票法》第13条是立法上明确承认的空白票据的基本依据。日本判例采用主观标准,强调行为人和收款人合意是构成空白票据的重要要件,也允许签发出票人空白的票据;空白票据也符合有价证券的基本构成,属于未完成票据;空白票据补充权从交付票据时起成立,应严格在授权范围内行使;空白票据也可以依普通完全票据一样的流通方式转让。     

Currency devaluations and consolidating democracy: the example of the South African rand

Abstract

In 2001 the South African rand depreciated suddenly and steeply against the dollar and euro. This triggered inflation as the prices of imported products gapped upward. To offset the imminent inflationary effects and attract foreign exchange, the Reserve Bank raised interest rates, resulting in slower domestic growth. The critical question was the cause of the currency depreciation. We argue here that the rand's decline was the result of a concatenation of internal and external factors, specifically the way the operations of the global financial markets magnified and exacerbated the effects of internal financial policy decisions. The article illustrates the heightening connectivity between domestic policy decisions aimed at regulating the national economy and the globalizing financial markets that operate on an altogether different logic. The Reserve Bank's attempt to regulate the local foreign exchange regime in concert with the corporate use of financial instruments to circumvent these exchange controls led to a relatively illiquid currency market that was easily susceptible to attack by speculative capital. The end result was a crippling devaluation that especially hurt the impoverished black South African majority in the process of getting on its feet economically, thereby adding a further constraint on the consolidation of post-apartheid democracy.     

论行政立法不作为违法——基于法律文本的解析

行政立法不作为既是行政不作为的新形态,也是行政立法违法的主要类型,其不作为违法之构成除应当具备立法义务之外,还必须客观存在着怠于履行立法义务之不作为状态,且已经逾越法定或合理期限。以法律文本为素材,深入解析行政立法不作为之违法构成要件,对于推进行政不作为的类型化研究以及限制行政立法权的滥用具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

浅论依法治国与道德的关系及其协调发展

从中国到世界,从古代到现代,法律和道德密不可分。依法治国与先进文化中的社会主义道德相互促进、相辅相成。社会主义道德建设是实现依法治国的重要思想条件和基础,社会主义道德应围绕着依法治国的先进治理国家方略,充分发掘和弘扬中华民族优良传统道德,努力加强行政道德建设,适应依法治国要求。依法治国作为道德建设的重要手段和保障,应以法治方式建设和完善社会主义道德体系,使依法治国与社会主义道德协调发展。     

论金融商品交易监管发展趋势

基于历史传统和经济政策的不同,各国证券、期货等金融商品交易监管体制存在较大差异,基本可以分为统一监管和多头监管。随着二十世纪后期混业经营的发展,传统的监管体制和监管制度受到了挑战。为了积极应对金融市场风险,提高资本市场的竞争力,一些国家不断完善立法,逐步加强金融商品交易市场的监管。总体而言,全球发展趋势主要表现为加强功能监管和集中统一监管,扩大金融监管的合作与协调,强化自律组织的监管职能。