Information and Environmental Policy: A Tale of Two Agencies

In recent years, scholars and practitioners have focused increasing attention on the role of information in achieving environmental policy goals. This article develops a framework for understanding how information is used in making environmental policy, and compares the kinds of information development and communication efforts undertaken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Environment Agency (EEA). The analysis suggests that institutional factors such as organizational structure and the mix of policy instruments used by the agency affect the kinds of information efforts undertaken. It also suggests possible areas of focus for environmental information efforts within the EPA and the EEA. These suggestions and the framework provided may also be of use to other environmental agencies.     

培育新型资本市场,拓宽融资渠道,振兴吉林经济

培育新型资本市场即由传统型融资模式向新型融资模式转变,由单一融资模式向多元融资模式转变,拓宽融资渠道,实现多渠道融资,扩大融资规模。振兴吉林经济最关键是解决资金瓶颈问题,融资方式创新和融资渠道的畅通是解决资金难的主要路径。     

明清州县的狱具及凌虐罪囚

明清州县存在正规和非正规的监狱,虽然都纳入正规管理的范畴,但在设置、设施、管理等方面存在一定差异。明清王朝对狱具的种类、材质、形制、适用条件、使用方法都有规定。狱具可分为合法狱具和非法狱具,非法狱具是禁止使用的,但是统治者非但无法杜绝非法狱具的使用,而且还在条例中增加新狱具,使非法狱具合法化。合法狱具也存在许多不合法使用的现象,甚至还有新的发明创造,千方百计地凌虐罪囚,使狱囚身心受到严重摧残,即使惨死狱中也无处伸冤。     

加强党的执政能力建设必须始终坚持和做到求真务实

加强党的执政能力建设的核心与坚持求真务实的根本准则相一致;加强党的执政能力建设的重点和关键与坚持求真务实的根本依据和根本要求相一致。学习贯彻党的十六届四中全会精神,提出在加强党的执政能力建设实践中必须始终坚持和做到求真务实意义重大。     

Recent trends in the European Union trade and investment policy towards China

The last decades＇ trend towards the creation of a world market of goods and services and the upsurge of China as a global competitor ought to be considered as an important challenge for the European Union. In contrast to this interpretation, the European Union policy towards China has suffered from an absence from a long run view. European institutional behaviour has been based on applying measures that were solely reactions to the policies launched by the United States. Finally, the difficulty of finding common interests among all member countries has been a constant in the relationship with China. The European Union has recently shown a clear concern about the unavoidable need of improving European firms＇ competitiveness, especially in order to overcome the Chinese access to the internationalised division of labour. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to observe a thorough treatment for the economic challenge of emergent economies as a whole in many European policy measures.     

The Behavioral Effects of Environmental Regimes: Collective-Action vs. Social-Practice Models

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - Most observers agree that institutions play significant roles both in causing and in confronting large scale environmental...     

Understanding Co-Production as a Policy Tool: Integrating New Public Governance and Comparative Policy Theory

Co-production is an area of policy making in many countries which has received little treatment in the policy studies literature. It has been studied in the field of public administration and public management however, albeit mainly in the case of education-related activities in Scandinavian countries. Using the cases of co-production of support services for the disabled and the elderly in the little-studied programs found in Croatia and Thailand as illustrative examples, this article examines how the concept of co-production can be viewed as an example of the use of a new policy tool, bringing together the insights of both policy and management theory in order to understand its origins and evolution. The article highlights the importance of viewing co-production using an integrated lens if studies of co-production are to advance.     

Conceptualising and testing the ‘emerging regional power’ of Turkey in the shifting ınternational order

Turkey has thus far been generally neglected in most IR studies on power categorisations, such as middle or middle-range power, regional power or rising/emerging power, despite its rising regional power status in the past decade. This paper attempts to understand Turkey’s regional power together with its rising power status using an integral approach. In doing so, it empirically tests whether or not Turkey fits Daniel Flemes’s ‘regional power’ category, which seems to be proposing a more complete and integral framework through the fulfilment of four basic preconditions: claim to leadership; possession of necessary power resources (material and ideational); employment of material, institutional and discursive foreign policy instruments; and acceptance of leadership by third parties. Based upon these analytical tools, the article will discuss Turkey’s performance in creating a regional impact in its neighbouring regions of the Middle East, the Balkans and the Black Sea and Caucasus.     

票据抗辩事由的有效性评析

票据抗辩制度是从保护票据安全出发进行考虑的,从静态安全出发规定成立抗辩事由就得以抗辩;从动态安全出发对票据抗辩进行限制,以保护票据权利人的票据权利。票据抗辩事由的有效性是抗辩成功的关键,只有是有效的抗辩事由,才具有抗辩的效力。有效的抗辩事由包括:对抗不特定债权人的法定事由、对抗特定债权人的法定事由、对抗特定债权人的约定事由、票据抗辩限制中对人抗辩事由因持票人的恶意而重新变为有效性抗辩事由。     

中国共产党执政价值观探析

执政价值观是执政主体对执政活动的一般价值的政治伦理判断,其内容主要包括对执政活动的价值目标、价值标准和价值模式等的认识或评价。中国共产党在实现执政价值目标——社会主义和共产主义的进程中,必须正确认识和处理维护党的整体利益与代表人民根本利益、实现党的最高纲领与践行党的最低纲领、完善党的执政方式与提高党的执政能力等重大关系;中国共产党的执政价值标准是一个具有多维量度的价值评判体系,其中党的执政基础的合法性、执政活动的有效性和执政行为的规范性是评判党的执政价值的三个最为重要的量度;“科学执政、民主执政、依法执政”的执政方式,是中国共产党经过执政实践的长期探索和执政经验的科学总结形成的以党的执政价值目标为取向、执政价值标准为依归的执政价值模式。