我国防治甲型H1N1流感的立法依据

本文通过简要回顾我国防治甲型H1N1流感的措施,系统分析了我国目前所形成的以＂四法一条例＂为基础,包括部门规章和国际条约的甲型H1N1流感防治的立法体系。针对目前甲型H1N1流感防治立法体系中存在的问题,从制定统一的《公共卫生法》、完善《突发公共事件应对法》、完善行政紧急程序立法、健全权力监督与权利救济制度,以及加强国际交流与合作等方面提出了完善我国甲型H1N1流感防治立法体系的对策建议。     

H1N1亚型猪流感病毒HA基因的表达及单克隆抗体的制备

采用RT-PCR方法扩增了H1N1亚型猪流感病毒(SIV)广东株的血凝素(HA)基因,测序后对HA基因进行了生物信息学分析。将HA基因克隆到高效可溶表达载体pBCX上,成功构建重组表达质粒pBCX-HA。将其转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,用IPTG进行诱导表达。诱导表达的HA融合蛋白分子质量约为94.0 ku,表达产物占菌体总蛋白的29.5%。经Western-blot分析证实可溶表达的融合蛋白与H1N1亚型猪流感病毒阳性血清具有良好的免疫反应性。用纯化的HA融合蛋白作包被抗原用于猪流感病毒单克隆抗体的筛选,成功筛选到2株针对HA蛋白抗原表位的单克隆抗体;ELISA结果表明,制备的SIV单克隆抗体ⅢF6A4C10与H1N1亚型SIV抗原具有特异的免疫反应性,为H1N1 SIV的鉴别诊断奠定了基础。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Dean Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society
Lahav Judgment in Jerusalem: Chief Justice Simon Agranat and the Zionist Century
Lubman Bird in a Cage: Legal Reform in China After Mao     

Internal Validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler™ Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework

Abstract:  Y-chromosomal short-tandem repeat (Y-STR) amplification has been used in forensic casework at the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) Forensic Science Laboratory since 2003. At that time, two separate amplifications were required to type the SWGDAM recommended loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439). The Yfiler™ kit coamplifies these loci as well as DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4. The Yfiler™ kit was validated following the internal validations outlined in the SWGDAM revised validation guidelines. Our studies show that 0.125 ng of male DNA will generate a complete 17 locus profile and that as little as 0.06 ng of male DNA yields an average of nine loci. In the male–male mixtures, a complete profile from the minor component was detected up to 1:5 ratio; most of the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:10 ratio and more than half the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:20 ratio. Complete YSTR profiles were obtained when 500 pg male DNA was mixed with female DNA at ratios up to 1:1000. At ratios of 1:5000 and 1:10,000 (male DNA to female DNA) inhibition of the YSTR amplification was evident. The YSTR results obtained for the adjudicated case samples gave significantly more probative information than the autosomal results. Our studies demonstrate that the Yfiler™ kit is extremely sensitive, does not exhibit cross-reactivity with female DNA, successfully types male DNA in the presence of overwhelming amounts of female DNA and is successful in typing actual forensic samples from adjudicated cases.     

兔悬挂双前肢致死组织中PKC、AchE、HSP70的活性变化

目的观察兔悬挂双前肢致死不同组织中PKC、AchE、HSP70的活性变化,探讨其在死亡机制中的作用。方法家兔双前肢悬挂致死亡,取膈肌、肋间肌、心肌、腓肠肌、大脑、脑干、肝、肾、肺等组织,以勒颈、颅脑损伤和疾病死亡相应组织为对照。采用SP法对上述组织中蛋白激酶C(PKC)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)进行免疫组化染色,观察其活性,并采用多组独立样本的Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验方法,对结果进行统计学分析。结果膈肌、肋间肌和大脑组织细胞质中PKC免疫组化阳性染色,悬挂组较其它组增强(P0.05);膈肌、肋间肌、心肌、大脑和肝细胞质及肌组织神经束中AchE免疫组化阳性染色,悬挂组较其它组增强(P0.05);大脑、心、肺中HSP70免疫组化阳性染色,悬挂组较其它组增强(P0.05)。结论PKC、AChE、HSP70通过不同机制,在悬挂双上肢体位性窒息死亡中起到一定作用,本文结果可为相关研究及鉴定提供实验依据。     

HSP70在青壮年猝死综合征心肌组织中的变化

目的探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在青壮年猝死综合征形成机制中的作用,及其早期诊断作用。方法取30例青壮年猝死、20例正常对照心脏标本的左右心室肌、窦房结、房室结组织,通过免疫组化学染色,应用图像分析软件对HSP70分布及强度变化进行定量检测分析,并进行统计学处理。结果青壮年猝死者心肌传导系统内HSP70表达高于正常对照组,且具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。其中青壮年猝死者右心室肌HSP70的表达显著低于其他部位心肌组织（P〈0.05）。结论HSP70作为一种应激反应的介质参与青壮年猝死综合征的发生过程,并对心脏起到保护性作用。HSP70可作为青壮年猝死综合征诊断的参考指标。     

艾森豪威尔处理苏伊士运河战争危机的经验及其对奥巴马政府的启示

1956年10月,以色列在美国总统大选前8天,不顾艾森豪威尔政府预先劝诫,在英、法两国幕后策划下,对埃及发动先发制人的打击。艾森豪威尔总统为此采取一系列行动,如诉诸联合国、启动对以经济制裁、甚至威胁驱逐其出联合国,最终实现被他称之为"侵略者"的三方无条件停火撤退。艾森豪威尔成功的范例给2012年面临同样难题的奥巴马提供了一些历史经验:美国的外交不能被一个小盟国所捆绑,即便他们曾是美国的"铁杆"朋友。美国只有坚持公正、理性与原则,且在冲突中支持受害者,才能最大程度上维护美国的利益与形象,并最终使美国成为中东最具有决定性的外部力量。     

大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条在感染牛和小鼠排菌检测中的应用

为了检验大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条在感染动物排菌中的应用效果,将牛和小鼠采用灌胃攻毒方式试验感染大肠杆菌O157∶H7,用大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条、细菌鉴别培养基培养计数以及PCR 3种方法检测感染动物粪便中O157∶H7的排菌量和持续时间。牛在感染大肠杆菌O157∶H7后的第2天开始从粪便排菌,第4天达到峰值,排菌时间可持续28d;小鼠在感染O157∶H7后的第4小时开始从粪便排菌,第6小时达到峰值,排菌时间可持续15d。大肠杆菌O157∶H7胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条、细菌鉴别培养基培养计数以及PCR 3种方法的检测结果一致,但试纸条更简便、快捷、直观,1～5min可得出检测结果,便于现场检测样品中O157∶H7的快速筛查。     

Collection and direct amplification methods using the GlobalFiler™ kit for DNA recovered from common pipe bomb substrates

When analyzing DNA from exploded pipe bombs, quantities are often in trace amounts, making DNA typing extremely difficult. Amplifying minute amounts of DNA can cause stochastic effects resulting in partial or uninterpretable profiles. Therefore, the initial DNA collection from “touch” evidence must be optimized to maximize the amount of DNA available for analysis.This proof-of-concept study evaluated two different swab types with two direct amplification strategies to identify the most effective method for recovering DNA from common pipe bomb substrates. PVC and steel pipes, electrical tape, and copper wire spiked with epithelial cells were swabbed with cotton or microFLOQ® Direct Swabs and amplified directly or via a pre-treatment prior to STR amplification.Not only was the microFLOQ® Direct Swab protocol the quickest method with the least risk of contamination, but in combination with direct amplification, the microFLOQ® Direct Swabs also generated the most complete STR profiles.