A note on the optimality of (even more) incomplete strict liability

This paper starts from the premise that liability is incomplete and establishes that firms may nevertheless invest excessively in care. This may justify a (further) reduction in the level of liability from a social standpoint, thereby arguing against seeking to approach full compensation as close as possible. In our framework, firms are liable under product liability, but also invest in care to prevent consumers’ switching to competitors. Affecting the partition of consumers by means of care-taking is not desirable from a social standpoint. Consequently, it may be optimal to reduce liability below a given level of incomplete compensation in order to adjust firms’ care incentives.     

H9N2禽流感病毒HA2基因重组杆状病毒的表达

从pMD18-T-HA阳性质粒扩增了H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的HA2基因,将扩增到的 HA2基因克隆至昆虫杆状病毒转移载体pBlueBacHis2A中。将其与杆状病毒共转染于Sf9昆虫细胞,经蚀斑筛选纯化重组杆状病毒,用其感染Sf9昆虫细胞,并优化表达条件。SDS-PAGE和 Western-blotting分析表明,表达产物的分子质量约为27 ku。Dot-ELISA分析表明,表达的HA2 融合蛋白可与鸡抗H9N2亚型血清发生特异性反应,而与H5和H7亚型抗血清间无交叉反应。     

Overreaching In Registered Land Law

Beneficial interests under a trust were not intended to be overriding interests under section 70(1)(g) of the Land Registration Act 1925. The position was altered by Williams & Glyn's Bank Ltd v Boland , which determined that an interest under a trust for sale would bind a purchaser if the beneficiary were in actual occupation. The decision raised the question whether such interests could be overreached once the beneficiary was in occupation of the trust property. City of London Building Society v Flegg held that the relevant beneficial interest had been overreached. Both decisions assume that overreaching in registered conveyancing takes effect as it does in unregistered land. Yet there is considerable evidence that the Land Registration Act contains its own overreaching machinery. The House of Lords applied the wrong overreaching provisions in Boland and Flegg and there is no legal basis on which to recognise that trust interests can override a subsequent disposition under section 70(1)(g).     

Idleness,Usefulness and Self-Constitution

Abstract

The core argument of the paper is that the modern philosophical notion of self-constitution is directed against the prospect of human beings dissolving into idleness. Arguments for self-constitution are marked by non-philosophical presuppositions about the value of usefulness. Those arguments also assume a particular conception of superior experience as conscious integration of a person’s actions within an identifiable set of chosen commitments. Exploring particular arguments by Hegel, Kant, Korsgaard and Frankfurt the paper claims that those arguments are problematic in the various ways in which they suppose usefulness and explicitly or implicitly take extra-philosophical views of idleness.     

EARNEST A. HOOTON AND THE BIOLOGICAL TRADITION IN AMERICAN CRIMINOLOGY*

Biological explanations shaped criminology at its inception, and today they are reemerging with fresh vigor and increased potential. But many criminologists do not understand how biological theories developed, what they contributed to criminology generally and where they went astray. This paper focuses on the work of Earnest A. Hooton, whose criminological studies, published in 1939, met with decidedly mixed reviews but were nonetheless discussed for decades in criminological textbooks. Information about a now half‐forgotten and misunderstood figure like Hooton, in addition to being useful in and of itself, contributes to the history of criminology as a discipline—a project essential to the field's ultimate maturity. It helps build a history of criminological knowledge.     

H9N2亚型猪流感病毒A/Swine/Shandong/1/02 分离株的基因序列分析

从有肺炎症状的病猪中分离到1株H9N2亚型猪流感病毒(SIV)A/Swine/Shndong/1/02,对其进行了全病毒基因序列分析.结果表明,该毒株8个基因片段的核苷酸序列均来自禽流感病毒(AIV),与我国目前家禽中流行的H9N2亚型AIV毒株具有很高的同源性,与A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97(H9N2)的同源性为94.1%～98.9%,与A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94(H9N2)的同源性为94.5%～98.2%;推导的其血凝素(HA)裂解位点处的氨基酸序列为P-A-R-S-S-R,完全符合H9亚型AIV欧亚分支中的类A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94亚分支的特征;基因分析结果表明,该分离株的所有基因片段均来源于H9N2亚型AIV,它可直接感染猪,并导致发病,但它并未在猪体内发生重组.     

禽流感病毒A/Turkey/Canada/63毒株HA和NA基因的克隆及序列分析

用SPF鸡胚增殖禽流感病毒(AIV)A/Turkey/Canada/63毒株,提取病毒基因组总RNA,应用RT-PCR技术分别扩增该病毒分离株的HA和NA基因全片段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上。测序结果表明,该毒株的HA基因全长为1745bp,含有完整的阅读框架,编码566个氨基酸；NA基因全长1467bp,编码469个氨基酸。BLAST序列比较结果显示,该毒株HA基因属于H6亚型,NA基因属于N2亚型。将获得的HA和NA基因与AIV数据库中H6和N2基因进行遗传演化分析,表明该毒株HA基因与其他H6基因核苷酸的同源性为80.5%～87.3%,氨基酸的同源性为88.0%～93.1%；NA基因与其他N2基因核苷酸的同源性为86.0%～93.5%,氨基酸的同源性为90.6%～96.3%。     

Unterschied zwischen privatrechtlicher Widmungsänderung des WE-Objekts und baurechtlichem Bescheid

Die grundbücherliche Berichtigung nach § 136 GBG setzt eine nachtr?gliche Rechts?nderung (hier: WE-Begründung auf Grund einer Widmungs?nderung des WE-Objekts) voraus. Ein baubeh?rdlicher (= ?ffentlich-rechtlicher) Bescheid vermag den privatrechtlich erforderlichen Widmungsakt des WE-Objekts durch die Mit- und Wohnungseigentümer nicht zu ersetzen.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1外膜蛋白H基因真核表达载体的构建

应用限制性内切酶BamHⅠ将片段ompH从重组质粒pMDT-omp H切下,非定向插入真核表达质粒pcDNA3中,经酶切分析、PCR鉴定及序列测定,证实成功构建了禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1外膜蛋白H基因的重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3-ompH。将重组表达质粒转染至 COS7 细胞,经RT-PCR、SDS-PAGE及Western-blotting检测,证明了外膜蛋白H基因获得了瞬时表达。