H5亚型禽流感病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的H5亚型禽流感病毒(H5-AIV)血凝素基因序列,设计了1套特异识别HA基因序列中6个不同区段的环介导恒等温扩增(LAMP)引物,并以此套引物建立了一种基于LAMP技术的H5亚型禽流感病毒诊断方法。结果表明,该方法对H5-AIV RNA的最小检测限为10-6,灵敏性高于一步RT-PCR方法;全部反应可在1.5 h内完成;在反应体系中添加SYBR GREENⅠ染料后,可通过肉眼观察有无荧光直接判定结果。灵敏性及特异性试验证明,该方法灵敏度高、特异性好,能够作为H5亚型禽流感病毒的快速诊断方法。     

高致病性H7N9流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

2017年初在中国出现的H7N9流感病毒变异株表现出对禽高致病性的特征,根据高致病性H7N9流感病毒(HP-H7N9)的HA基因序列,设计1组HP-H7N9特异性的引物和探针,在对反应体系进行优化的基础上,建立了HP-H7N9的荧光RT-PCR检测方法并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验,制作了标准曲线。结果显示,本方法只对HP-H7N9特异性扩增,而对低致病性H7N9病毒(LP-H7N9)、H7N3流感病毒(H7N3)、H3N2流感病毒(H3N2)、H5N1禽流感病毒(H5N1)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9)、新城疫病毒(NDV)、甲型H1N1流感病毒(H1N1)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)等病原未见扩增。该方法最低能够检测到35.45 copies的阳性质粒,具有良好的检测灵敏度。本方法的建立将为HP-H7N9的诊断、监测和防控提供快速、特异、敏感的技术手段。     

The impact of women above the political glass ceiling: Evidence from a Norwegian executive gender quota reform

Women have historically been underrepresented in democratic assemblies, particularly in top positions with executive powers. Most gender quota reforms address this by mandating a more equal gender representation on election lists. In contrast, a 1992 legislative reform in Norway required parties' candidate lists for the local executive board to comprise at least 40% politicians of each gender. This legal change was not only exogenously imposed by a higher-level government, but also generated distinct quota-induced constraints across Norwegian municipalities. We exploit the resulting variation in ‘quota shocks’ using a difference-in-differences design to identify the quota's effect on women's political representation as well as local public policies. We find that more women enter the executive board after the reform, though spill-overs on women's representation in the local council and on the probability of a female mayor or top administrator are weak. We also find no consistent evidence for shifts in public policies due to increased representation of women in positions with executive powers.     

Sacred Belonging: Writing,Religion and Community in H.D.'s Second World War Novels

Abstract: This article considers two works from H.D.'s Second World War writing: The Gift and The Sword Went Out to Sea. In these texts, H.D. situates herself in the context of diverse intimate communities: her spiritualist circle, her partnership with Bryher, her family and previous generations of Moravians. These communities ground her personal vision of writing as a spiritual exercise that will bring healing to both the individual psyche and the wider society ravaged by war. The significance of community is such that when she becomes isolated, desolation and breakdown follow. The restoration of communication and community through vision and writing leads to healing and a particular understanding of religious modernism as a unity of spiritual and material, transcendent and ordinary.     

Civil Rights and Social Welfare: Some Thoughts on the Contemporary Relevance of T. H. Marshall

This article draws on T H Marshall's celebrated classification of civil, political and social rights to examine the use of the courts by individuals seeking to establish rights to particular forms or models of welfare service provision. It argues that tensions between the collective and individual aspects of social rights, the relationship of social rights to inequality, and the difficulty of quantifying (and therefore enforcing) legitimate expectations, all make the use of litigation to establish social rights intensely problematic. Drawing on the recent UK Supreme Court case of R (on the Application of McDonald) v Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, it goes on to suggest that it is unhelpful to think of social rights in terms of human rights: instead, we would do better to adopt Marshall's emphasis on the citizenship basis of social rights and on the social and political context within which they necessarily exist.     

哈特法哲学的风格与方法——解读《法律的概念》

对《法律的概念》这一经典的解读必须回到文本本身，而不是游离于文本之外空发议论。通过对文本的细致梳理，本文发现，哈特的“三提示”对于我们理解其思想的主题有重要意义。从方法论上来讲，解读哈特的要旨在于：J．L，奥斯丁的“言语行为理论”在实质上究竟是如何与哈特的问题意识相关的。     

Parentally imprinted allele (PIA) typing in the differentially methylated region upstream of the human H19 gene

The H19 gene is a paternally imprinted gene located on chromosome 11p15.5. In this study, the H19FR1 and H19FR2 haplotype polymorphisms including four and three SNPs, respectively, upstream of the H19 gene according to the GenBank sequence (accession no. AF125183) were investigated. Five haplotypes and nine genotypes were detected for H19FR1 in the Chinese Han population by means of PCR and subsequent denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The power of discrimination (Dp), polymorphism information content (PIC) and probability of paternity exclusion (PE) were estimated to be 0.803, 0.58 and 0.322, respectively. For the H19FR2, two haplotypes and three genotyes were observed, and the Dp, PIC and PE were 0.626, 0.37 and 0.162, respectively. Sequencing results showed that only two of the four reported SNPs, a7342g and g7547a, were detected in H19FR1 in the Chinese Han population, and two new SNPs, g7351c and a7357g, were found. In the H19FR2 region, only one of the three reported SNPs, a8097g, was detected. Based on the methylation status of the genomic DNA, selective detection of the parental alleles for H19FRs was examined by using two types of enzymes, the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (msRE) HpaII or HhaI and McrBC. Genomic DNA digested by either HpaII or HhaI, revealed a single band derived from the paternal allele, as a result of cleavage of unmethylated recognition sites on the maternal allele. On the contrary, the use of McrBC, which can digest a methylated paternal sequence, resulted in exclusively amplifying the maternal allele. This parentally imprinted allele (PIA) typing method could be one of the useful techniques for discriminating the parental origin of alleles.     

论改革中国的出入境检查制度

中国现有的出入境检查制度存在不足之处，例如法律欠缺、行政诉讼程序有瑕疵、查控电脑软件有漏洞等。建议通过完善立法、改进电子化管理程度、革新出入境检验技术以及提高执法人员素质等举措来改革中国出入境检查制度，以便落实反恐维稳等保障国家安全的战略对策。     

Cerebral massive hemorrhage in congophilic angiopathy and its medicolegal significance

The principles of a special type of senile cerebromeningeal angiopathy, these days usually named “congophilic angiopathy”, are demonstrated on the basis of eight cases, complicated by spontaneous massive intracranial hemorrhages in seven and late traumatic hemorrhage in one of them. The occurrence of massive hemorrhages associated with congophilic angiopathy has until now only rarely been reported. The medicolegal significance of this vascular disease is emphasized by the eighth, traumatic, case, which became forensically relevant; the late massive hemorrhage had to be regarded as significantly favoured by amyloid angionecrosis, which is the main feature of congophilic angiopathy.     

公共财政支出结构失衡对区域经济协调增长的影响研究

关于公共财政支出结构失衡对区域经济协调增长影响的研究表明,只有当各区域生产性支出与非生产支出相等时,各区域之间的经济增长速度才能达到最大化。在构建衡量公共财政支出结构失衡指标的基础上,通过指数计算,可以发现中部地区的财政支出结构失衡程度最严重,其次是东部,最后是西部。再运用该指数并结合运用1994年—2007年的面板数据,采用系统广义矩两步法对公共财政支出结构失衡与区域经济协调增长之间的关系进行实证分析,结果表明,东部的财政支出结构失衡反而能够促进经济的增长,中部和西部地区的财政支出结构失衡对经济增长并没有明显的作用。因此,我国地方政府财政支出结构需要得到进一步改善,才能促进区域之间经济的均衡增长。