清代的黔中精神文化

清代是黔中地域精神文化的繁荣阶段。清初,主持贵州政务的官员积极倡导修举学制,隆兴文教,儒学教育更为兴盛。这个时期除大力兴办府州县官学外,书院、社学、义学、私塾发展十分迅速。随着接受教育的层面扩大,涌现出许多有名的文学家和著名的书画家。尤其令人瞩目的是石雕石刻工艺精湛,地戏花灯表演技艺高超,成就斐然。清代,宗教传播迅速,佛寺道观遍及黔中地域,伊斯兰教、天主教、基督教等新宗教传入,信徒较多。其中天主教、基督教带来许多西方先进文化,黔中地域开始与西方文明交接。     

Family succession through adoption in the Chosun Dynasty

Using a unique data source of genealogies of upper-status families, called Bulcheonwye families, we assess how the extent of family succession through adoption changed over five centuries from 1450 to 1949 in Korea. Our analysis shows the continued increase in the share of adopted sons among total family successors up to the end of the 19th century when three out of ten family successors were adopted. The trend of the increasing role of adoption is closely related to the declining number of sons per family, suggesting that not only the rising influence of Confucian culture but also demographic changes increased the demand for adoption. Finally, our comparison provides evidence that the likelihood of achieving high social status was significantly higher among adopted sons than biological ones, suggesting that the socioeconomic potential of adopted sons could be an important factor for adoption decision.     

血小板同种抗原基因中9个单核苷酸多态性在广西地区壮族和汉族人群中的差异分析

目的检测血小板同种抗原基因中9个单核苷酸多态性在广西地区壮族和汉族人群中的差异。方法利用基于单碱基延伸的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分型芯片,对广西壮族地区99例壮族个体和107例汉族个体的染色体基因组上10个SNP位点进行了分型,其中9个位于6个血小板同种抗原基因中,1个位于基因间区。此外,结合Hapmap计划第二期公布的四个人群的SNP分型数据,分析这六个人群的遗传结构。结果广西原住汉族人在等位基因频率上未检测到与当地壮族有显著性的差异位点,但在基因型频率上,rs630014和rs9441951两位点是显著差异的。广西壮族人与广西汉族、北京汉族人及日本东京人的遗传结构相近,但与祖先来自欧洲西部和北部的犹他州居民以及尼日利亚伊巴丹的约鲁巴人有显著差异的遗传成分存在。结论壮汉两族由于历史上的多次基因交流可能导致其遗传信息在很大程度上是相近的。     

百年中国宪法视野中的人民权利研究

百年中国宪法视野中人民权利的发展和变化,经历了异常曲折的道路:从晚清时代的无名无实,到民国时代的有名无实;从新中国初期的名实比较相符但尚在起步,到社会主义曲折发展过程中的名实不符或名实微弱,再到改革开放以来的名实日趋一致并不断巩固扩大.这些发展和变化,留下了重要的经验和启示.中国人民实现和发展自己权利的道路,必将越走越宽广.     

明初重刑辨析

就刑法体系而言,《大明律》较《唐律》并非“轻其轻罪,重其重罪”,且明初重典治吏失败的原因也不是由于其无视正常法制或像沈家本所说的“威竭而不振”,而是缘于“明刑弼教”引出的君权的膨胀。由此带来的是自上而下的权力结构的扩张和恶化。权力的滥用将本来就制定的不科学的重典引向恶化,导致了重刑改革的失败。     

晚清时期东北报业评述

19世纪末,东北近代报业艰难起步。与全国大部分地区比较,晚清时期东北报业发展居于中流。日俄战争前,为东北报业的发端;从日俄战争结束,到民国成立,则为东北报业的发展时期。在十余年的发展过程中,晚清东北报业呈现官报发达、民报活跃、新闻控制严酷等特点,而正是晚清东北社会向近代化的变迁,促成了报业的发展。     

Establishment of 43-plex SNP Typing System and Its Forensic ApplicationCSCD

Objective: To evaluate the application of 43 -plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods: The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the forensic parameters of population genetics. Results: All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.290 1-0.654 4, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.170 8-0.500 0, 0.155 7-0.593 5, 0.085 4-0.250 0 and 0.014 6-0.125 0, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999 986 and 0.992 436 1, respectively. Conclusion: The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Forensic Application of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID System in Han Population of Eastern ChinaCSCD

Objective: To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 21 autosomal STR loci and DYS391 locus of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system in Han population of eastern China and to evaluate its application value in forensic science. Methods: Typing test of 2 000 unrelated individuals was performed using SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system. The population genetic parameters of STR loci were statistically analysed. A total of 3 198 parentage confirmed cases were detected with that system and the mutation conditions were observed in 21 autosomal STR loci. Results: All the 21 autosomal STR loci showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The Ho ranged from 0.617 5 to 0.927 0. The DP ranged from 0.796 4 to 0.986 9, as well as the PIC distributed from 0.561 1 to 0.912 3. The CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999. The CPEduo was 0.999 997 431 701 961, while CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999 654 865. Five alleles were detected in DYS391 locus, with the allele frequency from 0.004 0 to 0.729 0, and GD was 0.418 9. Except D13S317 and D10S1248, seventy-six mutation events were observed at the rest nineteen autosomal STR loci. Among them, seventy-five (98.68%) were one step mutation, and only one (1.32%) was three steps mutation. The mutation rate ranged from 0.246 5×10-3 to 2.711 4×10-3, and the averaged mutation rate was 0.892 1×10-3 (95% CI: 0.70×10-3-1.10×10-3). In 33 trio mutation cases, the proportion of the paternal mutation and the maternal mutation was 2.09 :1. Conclusion: The involved STRs are highly polymorphic in Eastern Han population with acceptable mutation rates by the SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system, which is suitable for paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

论明政府在贵州的兴教举措

贵州建省以后,为了有效开发贵州的人力资源,尽快推进贵州与内地的政治经济一体化,明统治者把“变夷俗以敷教化”作为治黔重心,注意建设贵州的文化教育事业。明政府在贵州实行的多层次办学、多形式兴教等举措不仅使贵州的学校教育具有多元化的地方特色,而且也为后世发展民族教育积累了宝贵的经验教训。     

张家山汉简《具律》121简排序辨正--兼析相关各条律文

张家山汉简出土时原顺序已经打乱 ,需要正确排定两简以上的条文编联。研究表明 ,整理小组对 1 2 1简的编联是错的 ,正确的编联应将其与 1 0 7- 1 0 9简构成一条 ,而整理小组原以 1 2 1简作为条文开头的编在一起的数枚简 ,应当以 1 2 2简作为条文的开头。根据律文内部的逻辑结构以及律条文之间的逻辑联系 ,可以认为 1 0 7- 1 0 9简确属具律而非属于囚律或告律。借助学术界已经取得的研究成果 ,还可以进一步理解相关条文中大部分律文规定的真实含义。