Harvested rainwater: quality,adequacy, and proximity in Ghanaian rural communities

This article presents a study that aimed to assess the accessibility, use, and quality of harvested rainwater in three rural communities in Ghana where the government of Ghana and local and international development organisations have sponsored domestic rainwater harvesting. The results showed that rainwater storage facilities were within the recommended distance of 1000m from each house. The amount of rainwater per person per day was below the recommended amount. The majority of the respondents therefore depended on other sources of water. Though the physico-chemical quality of rainwater met the WHO guideline limit for drinking water, the bacteriological quality did not. The majority of common water-associated infections experienced prior to the project have not been experienced after the project.     

When development breeds contempt: case examples of community-driven health systems initiatives

This article discusses case examples of community-led initiatives triggered by the introduction of an external development programme in Senegal and Mali. These are community initiatives that learn from projects initiated and funded by an external donor organisation, and transform interventions to better meet their own needs. The circumstances leading to the demand for, and successful establishment of, health infrastructure are examined to understand the triggers. These breakthroughs demonstrate unintended benefits of development, and the need to leverage donor-led initiatives. Therefore, community involvement, participation, and empowerment are key in establishing local ownership in development projects.     

Informal powers and the removal of Aboriginal children: Consequences for health and social order

Current high levels of morbidity and mortality, and high rates of incarceration among Australian Aboriginal populations are related historically to the attempted separation of Aboriginal people from family and community. The paper discusses these events through an analysis of legal and extra-legal forms of power in the late 19th century in Victoria, and through an analysis of the workings of the informal powers of administrators and mission superintendents, within a broader framework of liberal political reason.     

卫生监督中建立卫生行政指导制度的必要性分析

突发性公共卫生事件在新时期对人们的生命和健康有着越来越大的威胁,并容易造成社会性恐慌。宪法和行政法 要求卫生监督部门有所作为,但行政权不宜涉及国民的日常生活和心理状况,以往的卫生行政管理体制在新时期日显不足, 此时,在卫生监督工作中卫生行政指导制度的建立和应用便成为必然。卫生行政部门应按照市场经济发展的要求,建立卫生 行政指导制度。     

保险代理行为研究

从理论上说,商事代理是民事代理的特殊形式,保险代理是商事代理的特殊形式。某种意义上,商事代理是营利性民事代理的同义语。商事代理既是民事代理的组成部分,又是对民事代理的扩展和补充。保险代理行为中的意思表示是保险代理行为有效成立的基本前提。保险代理意思的存在,实际上表明保险代理权的存在,没有代理权,保险代理人的意思表示将不具有保险代理意思的法律效力。而“保险代理意思表示”也正是保险代理行为特殊于一般法律行为关键之所在。保险代理关系由保险人与保险代理人之间的保险代理权关系、保险代理人与投保人之间的保险代理行为关系和保险人与投保人之间的保险代理效果关系构成。前者为保险代理的内部关系;后者为保险代理的外部关系。可以说保险代理的内部关系是外部关系得以产生和存在的前提。而保险代理的外部关系是内部关系的目的和归属。     

研究生心理健康教育的思考--辅导员应积极参与研究生心理健康教育工作

调查分析研究生的心理健康现状,其目的是及时发现心理问题,采取正确方式疏导,以促进研究生素质的全面发展,培养合格的公安专业人才.辅导员积极参与研究生的心理健康教育工作势在必行.     

The cost of delegated control: vicarious liability, secondary liability and mandatory insurance

Vicarious liability, secondary liability and mandatory insurance are three systems for attaining judgment-proof or disappearing injurers’ precaution through the direct control of a second party (the vicariously liable principal, the secondary liable party, or the insurer). In this way, the legal system delegates control over some injurers to private entities. Such mechanisms generate monitoring costs. In this paper, we consider who bears the cost of such monitoring, and the effect thereof on the equilibrium level of precautions under different liability rules. We use these findings to explain some of the patterns in the coupling of substantive standards of liability and legal regimes of delegated control.     

房贷险存废论

住房金融巨大风险对强化房贷保险作用的现实需要,与旷日已久的所谓"强制保险"的法律困惑,形成了房贷险存与废的博弈。保险金物上代位机制使抵押物保险具有了双重保障机理,决定了抵押权人干预抵押物保险合同的法理依据及其权利界限,银行放弃房贷险只是一种弃权行为;房贷履约保证保险本质上具有人身保险属性,其设定的目的是取代住房抵押担保,应与住房财产险分离而免于银行的强制;房贷险本身的设计缺陷和业务不规范行为必须全面矫正;须尽快加强我国的消费信贷立法。     

公安机关人民警察心理健康的维护

警察是一种高危险、高压力、高强度、高负荷的特殊职业,需要有良好的心理素质和适应社会的良好状态。为了使警察很好地胜任保卫国家安全,维护社会稳定的繁重任务,公安机关必须建设一支富有生机和活力,心理健康的群体。目前,半数以上的警察有心理健康问题,不容乐观。如何维护警察心理健康,是一项迫切需要研究和解决的课题。     

论海上保险中的代位求偿权

代位求偿权是海上保险中保险人的一项重要法定权利。由于我国没有采取独立的海上保险法的立法模式 ,有关代位求偿权的问题见于《保险法》、《海商法》和《海事诉讼特别程序法》之中 ,需要整体综合进行理论探讨 ,并结合我国实际情况 ,参照国际立法经验 ,予以健全和完善。