Advanced Metering Infrastructure Deployment in the United States: The Impact of Polycentric Governance and Contextual Changes

Advanced metering infrastructure provides the first building block in smart grids by empowering customers and utilities with real‐time information regarding energy use. It is a key element in the U.S. government's push for electric grid modernization. Using a panel dataset for 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia over the years 2007–2012, we evaluate the impacts of a polycentric governance system and socioeconomic contexts on states' performance in smart metering deployment. We find that the advanced metering technological change in the United States has been exclusively created by the interdependencies and interactions between different layers of government. High‐tech industry is the only socioeconomic factor that has a negative impact on smart meter deployment, whereas other factors, such as pressures from energy consumers and environmental groups, and electric grid conditions, have negligible impacts.     

论我国劳动法律调整方式从一元化向多元化的转变——以家务服务员的劳动保护为视角

家庭服务工作在当今经济和整个社会中具有非常重要的地位,但家务工作也是最不稳定、低报酬和没有保护的就业形式之一,家务服务员劳动权益保护被排除在劳动法律之外。改变当前家务服务员权益保护的脆弱状态,改善家务服务员的工作和生活条件,应当重新定位劳动法所调整的劳动关系的范围,构建多元的调整方式,制定专门的家务服务员劳动权益法。     

论案例教学法在“体改生”教学中的应用

案例教学法是公安教育中应用广泛并且行之有效的教学方法,体现了教学面向公安实战的需要,有助于调动"体改生"学习的积极性和提高教师的教学能力,其必要性值得肯定。对"体改生"施行案例教学法,应遵循如下基本路径,即了解"体改生"的特点,选取合适的教案,运用适当的案例展示手段,有意识地培养"体改生"适应案例教学,与其他教学模式相结合,以及对"体改生"进行案例教学法的效果进行反馈。     

政府评价层级差异与差序政府信任--基于2011年全国调查数据的实证研究

在2011年全国调查数据的基础上,尝试以民众对不同层级政府的评价差异解释差序政府信任产生和维系的原因。研究发现民众在对中央和地方政府在绩效、动机以及腐败程度等问题进行评价时显著青睐于中央政府,这种评价上的差异导致民众对中央政府的信任显著高于对地方政府的信任,从而产生了差序政府信任。     

Effects of university characteristics on scientists’ interactions with the private sector: an exploratory assessment

This paper estimates the effect of select university characteristics on the propensity of individual scientists to interact with private sector companies. The academic prestige of an institution has a direct negative effect on scientists’ interactions with the private sector, while the level of industrial R&D expenditures has a direct positive effect on such interactions. Institutional characteristics also moderate the effect of some individual-level variables such as tenure status, grant activity, involvement with students and disciplinary effects.      

EXAMINING THE PREVALENCE OF CRIMINAL DESISTANCE*

Criminological theorists and criminal justice policy makers place a great deal of importance on the idea of desistance. In general terms, criminal desistance refers to a cessation of offending activity among those who have offended in the past. Some significant challenges await those who would estimate the relative size of the desisting population or attempt to identify factors that predict membership in that population. In this paper, we consider several different analytic frameworks that represent an array of plausible definitions. We then illustrate some of our ideas with an empirical example from the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study.     

Seat share distribution of parties: Models and empirical patterns

We find that strategic sequencing and other factors sort parties roughly into two groups. Low-ranking parties lose part of their inherent support, compared to probabilistic expectations, while high-ranking parties profit from the shift. Our method is to graph the worldwide mean seat shares of parties at various ranks by size against the largest party share (Nagayama triangle format). The resulting empirical pattern looks complex, yet when we adjust a probabilistic model to account for strategic and other factors that may hurt the smaller parties, the fit becomes close. The number of parties that profit from transfers is close to the inverse of the fractional share of the largest party. The model fits best when the transfer is assumed to involve about one-half of inherent minor party support. This is a novel way to estimate the universal average strength of strategic and other factors that work against the smaller parties. The empirical worldwide mean pattern offers us a norm against which seat share distributions in individual countries or single elections can be compared.     

Improved recovery and reconstruction of DEFLATEd files

This paper presents a method for recovering data from files compressed with the DEFLATE algorithm where short segments in the middle of the file have been corrupted, yielding a mix of literal bytes, bytes aligned with literals across the corrupted segment, and co-indexed unknown bytes. An improved reconstruction algorithm based on long byte n-grams increases the proportion of reconstructed bytes by an average of 8.9% absolute across the 21 languages of the Europarl corpus compared to previously-published work, and the proportion of unknown bytes correctly reconstructed by an average of 20.9% absolute, while running in one-twelfth the time on average. Combined with the new recovery method, corrupted segments of 128–4096 bytes in the compressed bit-stream result in reconstructed output which differs from the original file by an average of less than twice the number of bytes represented by the corrupted segment. Both new algorithms are implemented in the trainable open-source ZipRec 1.0 utility program.     

依恋的内部工作模型

内部工作模型是Bowlby依恋理论中的重要概念,研究者就其内容、结构、形成和发展过程及其内在的认知、情感机制、行为策略、与依恋风格个体差异的关系等方面提出大量的理论假设,并围绕这些问题进行了大量的实证研究,但由于发展的不成熟,该领域仍存在着许多问题有待解决.内部工作模型是以层级形式组织的多层多维模型,相关证据也证实了不同内部工作模型的存在,也指出了它们的相关关系,但对于内部工作模型的具体组织形式,研究者迄今并没有给出准确的论述.就内部工作模型的作用机制而言,现有的研究多以概括水平的工作模型为研究对象,并未明确具体水平的工作模型对依恋行为的影响.     

大学英语自主学习折衷模式的构建

本文在回顾自主学习的兴起，简述自主学习的研究现状，比较目前的几种自主学习培养模式后，提出了构建适合我国大学英语自主学习的折衷模式，即课堂训练和课外自主学习相结合。课堂训练主要围绕培养合作学习，动机训练，学习策略训练，如何选择学习材料的训练和自我评价训练等展开。课外主要通过网络中心和第二课堂活动培养学生学习自主性。