民航企业机票成本结构与价格机制分析

民航机票成本组成与价格形成机制,能直接反映我国民航运输企业面临的制度性问题与困境.作为成本国际化程度高、行政管理色彩浓、计划管制严重的行业,航空运输企业成本自主权受到多种行政力量干预和控制,在成本自主权缺失以及资产国有的前提下,必然形成以政府指令主导的价格机制.降低机票价格以及完善竞价机制依赖于以下制度供给:(1)取消民航行业行政壁垒以及计划管制,建立完全市场主体;(2)完善主管部门退出机制;(3)行政力量必须介入的时候应该明确权力界限以及安排补偿体系;(4)完善资产代理人监管制度以及企业法人治理结构.     

诱惑侦查的经济分析

引入经济分析的方法,通过对诱惑侦查的成本与收益关系的分析,得出具有效益的诱惑侦查的实施范围,这种理性的分析方法对于我们探讨诱惑侦查的合法性问题具有一定的借鉴意义。     

构建公平和可持续的上下游河流污染价值补偿机制

该文依据环境经济学物质平衡理论的概念框架，以污染者付费原则的环境经济政策为指导，研究上游河流水污染引发下游污染事件所致经济损失成本和事故技术等级关联系数，进而提出以公平和可持续的价值补偿标准为基础的上下游河流水污染经济补偿模型及其运作机制，并为环境会计的相关计量提供参考依据。     

浅谈国家赔偿费用支付方式的完善

近年来,对于国家赔偿费用支付方式的研究较少,本文指出了改变现有国家赔偿费用支付方式的重要性和迫切性,并提出采用统一的赔偿金支付方式和利用中介组织支付、管理国家赔偿基金的建议。     

强制性信息披露规则产生动因的法经济学分析——兼论强制性信息披露的限度

在证券市场上,强制性信息披露规则对保证投资者获得充分的信息,从而作出正确的投资决策具有重要意义。本文主要从法经济学的角度运用公共产品理论、博弈论和成本收益分析方法对强制性信息披露规则的产生动因进行揭示,并在此基础上对强制性信息披露规则的限度进行了探讨。     

The judicial response to crime and the criminal: A utilitarian perspective

This paper examines the hypothesis that the sentencing decision of the criminal court is consistent with utilitarian principles and that the judiciary uses the length of incarceration as an instrument for the maximization of societal well-being. A theoretical model is developed, whose principal arguments are offender and offense attributes, resource costs, the availability of alternative sanctions, and the general crime rate. Four questions are considered: (i) How does a utilitarian court respond to a general increase in crime? (ii) How does the availability of alternative sanctions affect the length of incarceration ? (iii) How does a utilitarian court respond to offenders who are more likely to recidivate? (iv) How does the court respond to offenders who commit more serious offenses? The model is empirically evaluated, using cross-sectional data for the state of Georgia for individuals sentenced to prison in 1978 for a UCR index offense. The theoretical model provides few specific behavioral rules for the court to follow. Answers to the foregoing four questions are shown to depend upon both the efficacy of sanctions and the cost of the administration of those sanctions. It is not possible to predict, for example, how a utilitarian court should respond to a rise in crime or how it should respond to offenders who are likely to commit more serious offenses. The empirical analysis shows that, in fact, the sentence length varied inversely with the general offense rate, with the likelihood of imprisonment, and with the length of postprison probation. The evidence also indicates that sentences vary with the individual's original record but not with the offender's age or race. With the exception of possible gender bias, the court's sentencing behavior was consistent with utilitarian principles.     

农村土地流转制度问题探析

土地是农业最基本的生产要素,土地制度也是三农问题的核心。我国目前的农村土地制度是在家庭联产承包责任制基础上形成的,随着环境的变化和市场经济的发展,急需建立和完善农地流转制度,新制度经济学的产权理论和交易成本理论提供了对我国目前农地流转问题和对策的分析视角。     

基于企业诚信视角的食品安全问题研究

近年来,食品安全事故层出不穷,不少学者认为中国食品市场的监管体制不顺、监管法律不完善是食品安全事故多发的主要原因。诚然,这些都是不争的事实。然而,生产者承担的不安全成本过低,导致食品行业普遍缺乏诚信也是问题食品接连不断被生产出来的一个不容忽视的因素。因此,有必要研究抽样误差、检验误差、追溯误差对食品生产者成本的影响,进而不断创新监管工具和监管思路、改进监管技术,让不安全食品的生产者直接承担不安全食品所带来的成本,以此促使生产者为食品安全付出更多努力。     

违法侦查行为的程序性制裁效果研究——以非法口供排除规则为中心

不断出现的冤案及其背后的违法侦查问题使整个刑事司法的公信力日趋式微。学界和司法部门最高层认识到,只有通过建立非法证据排除规则,剥夺违法侦查者非法取证的利益,才能促使其依法取证。此谓程序性制裁。但是,在目前的机制下,由于我国违法侦查的发现几率极低、无法定罪的成本极小和次级制裁机制的乏力,程序性制裁根本无法成为依法取证的"激励机制"。因此,如果要使程序性制裁的威慑效果发挥作用,必须建立有效的违法侦查行为发现机制,把非法证据排除真正转变为违法侦查的成本,并使法院真正具备作出无罪判决的能力。     

Responding to the Harassment and Abuse of Older People in the Private Rented Sector: Legal and Social Perspectives

Independent living, and hence active ageing, is seen by some governments as being supported through enabling and encouraging older people to live in mainstream housing. However, this emphasis upon ‘staying put’ and ‘ageing in place’ needs to recognise the major housing difficulties that are faced by some older people.

This paper presents findings from an exploratory study, funded by Help the Aged, of the harassment and abuse of older people within the private rented sector. Examples of the wide range of arguments, disputes and conflicts with landlords and other residents will be provided. The second half of the paper considers the legal remedies that might be available for tackling some of these problems and the present obstacles to their use. Finally, legal remedies will be compared with more social policy based approaches which draw upon the framework relating to the protection of vulnerable adults.