十八届四中全会开创法治反腐的新局面

党的十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》提出了一系列反腐的新部署、新观点和新举措,开创了法治反腐的新局面。法治引领治腐、防腐,规范、制约权力和对腐败问题"零容忍",每一项都直接遏制权力腐败。     

Optimization of Human mtDNA Control Region Sequencing for Forensic Applications

Sequencing mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II (HVI and HVII) is useful in forensic missing person and unidentified remains cases. Improvements in ease and sensitivity of testing will yield results from more samples in a timely fashion. Routinely, amplification of HVI and HVII is followed by Sanger sequencing using the BigDye^® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems) using 4 μL of ready reaction mix (RRM). Each sequencing reaction is then purified through column filtration before capillary electrophoresis. Using lower amounts of RRM (2 μL or 1 μL) and purification using BigDye^® XTerminator^? (Applied Biosystems) instead of columns showed no loss of sequence length and increased the quality and the sensitivity of testing, allowing HVI and HVII typing from mitochondrial genome equivalent to 125 fg of nuclear DNA, or 100 pg of HVI/HVII amplicons. Using this methodology, testing can be completed in 1 day, and the cost of testing is reduced.     

创新持续到创新深化:地方政府治理创新能力构建的关键要素

在推进国家治理能力和治理体系现代化的进程中,地方政府治理创新能力的构建至关重要,从关注“创新持续”到“创新深化”视角的转化,正是体现地方政府治理创新能力发生着深刻的重构。论文以创新持续到创新深化的内生化理论模型为基础,识别五个创新深化的核心要素,即组织创新文化、多元主体嵌入、技术嵌入便捷性、创新模块开放性、领导者赋能,并选取地方政府创新奖中西北地区的十个案例,运用定性比较分析,探索并验证核心要素的多重并发因果路径。论文研究表明,五个核心要素在领导者赋能为基础条件下,形成创新文化型创新、模块嵌套型创新、外在嵌入型创新三种创新路径模式。     

Description of the peasants’ sexual behavior in August Wilhelm Hupel’s Topographical Messages in the context of the history of the Estonian family

The aim of this article is to introduce the work of August Wilhem Hupel, a Baltic German author of the 18th century. The article focuses on the sections in his most voluminous work Topographische Nachrichten von Lief- und Ehstland (1774–1782) that describe Estonian peasants’ sexuality. Hupel’s writings belong to the sources of the history of the Estonian family, a field that has been rediscovered at the beginning of the 21st century. Thanks to the work of Marika Mägi and Nils Blomkvist, a new paradigm for research in this field has been opened up. This article adheres to that paradigm.     

鹅IL-18基因的克隆和原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

参考GenBank中鸡、火鸡和鸭IL-18基因序列,设计了1对特异引物,以提取的鹅脾细胞总RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR扩增、克隆鹅IL-18基因中间的333bp序列。序列分析结果表明,其与鸭IL-18基因对应序列相似性最高,达99%。参考鸭IL-18全基因序列设计上、下游引物各3条,以梯度PCR探索扩增、克隆鹅IL-18全基因。以上述策略成功扩增、克隆了3个广东地方杂交品种鹅的IL-18基因。序列分析表明,这3个杂交品种鹅的IL-18基因序列一致,长642bp,含一个603bp的ORF,编码200个氨基酸,分子质量为23.2ku。ORFN端的30个氨基酸为前导序列,其余170个氨基酸为功能蛋白序列。在GenBank中注册了第一条鹅的IL-18基因序列,登录号为EF159728。随后,构建了鹅IL-18基因ORF的重组原核表达质粒pET-GIL-18,经诱导表达、纯化获得重组鹅IL-18融合蛋白,并以其制备了兔抗重组鹅IL-18多克隆抗体。     

The factors associated with criminal recidivism in Finnish male offenders: importance of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence

Neurocognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders are often brought up as risk factors of recidivism. In this study, we investigated how neurocognitive and academic deficits and psychiatric disorders (including substance dependence) are associated with criminal recidivism and prison career among male offenders. In a health survey of Finnish prisoners, 72 sentenced male prisoners were examined in Turku prison using a neurocognitive test battery and psychiatric assessment including a standardized psychiatric interview (SCID-I, II). The neurocognitive and academic tests were chosen to assess domains of cognitive functioning and reading, spelling and mathematical skills. Our results showed that the combination of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence was connected to recidivism. Axis I diagnosis (major mental disorders) and substance dependence were connected with neurocognitive and academic deficits. Moreover, first-time offenders had fewer neurocognitive deficits and Axis I disorders, less substance dependence and fewer personality disorders than those with several convictions. Rehabilitation of cognitive functions and academic skills, along with intervention for mental health problems and substance dependence could help to prevent the unfavourable circle of criminal career.     

甲卡西酮概述及其分析方法

甲卡西酮吸食后具有精神刺激剂作用,有时候作为娱乐药物,具有成瘾性,长期高剂量使用可能导致急性神经紊乱。甲卡西酮R位的碳氧双键具有极性,因此像安非他明一样可以通过血脑屏障。它是潜在的中枢神经系统刺激剂和多巴胺再吸收抑制剂。甲卡西酮在美国是I类精神管制药物,任何情况下都是非法使用。本文还综述了甲卡西酮的检验分析方法,包括物理分析方法和仪器分析方法。仪器分析方法主要是气相色谱／质谱法（GC／MS）、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,此外还有紫外光谱法（uV）,红外光谱法（IR）,核磁共振光谱法（NMR）以及毛细管电泳（CE）等方法。     

Application of mtDNA SNP analysis in forensic casework

In this study six forensic cases are presented where the routine analysis of samples for short tandem repeats (STRs) failed. The sequencing of the mitochondrial hypervariable region I (HVR I) also failed. Nevertheless, it was possible to analyse the samples with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via SNaPshot technique. The age of the analysed samples ranged from 2 months to 1400 years. Saliva-, blood-, sperm-, hair-, tooth- and bone-samples were investigated. Furthermore the mtDNA SNP analysis of a forensic case sample showing a mixed stain profile is presented. It was possible to discriminate two different haplogroups in this mixed-person stain. If compared to another mtDNA SNP profile that was found in a hair, the discriminating SNPs of the hair were as well found in the mixed-person stain.To disburden the SNP analysis in forensic casework, haplogroup assignment criteria and quality criteria for mtDNA SNaPshot analysis are announced.     

The Future of Consumer Web Data: A European/US Perspective

The article considers the subject of clickstream data from aEuropean/US perspective, taking into account the Data ProtectionFramework (Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC; Directive onPrivacy and Electronic Communications 2002/58/EC) and the USlegal framework and in particular, the Wiretap Act U.S.C. 2701(2004) and related statutes. It examines the extent to whichclickstream data is considered "personal data" within the DataProtection Directive and the implications to consumers and businesses.     

Fall der "wirkungsgebundenen" einheitlichen Streitpartei im Außerstreitverfahren über einen abweichenden Aufteilungsschlüssel nach § 32 Abs 5 WEG 2002

Setzt der Au?erstreitrichter rechtsgestaltend den Aufteilungsschlüssel für die Kosten eines Personenaufzugs auf Antrag eines Wohnungseigentümers abweichend vom Anteilsverh?ltnis fest, bindet sein Sachbeschluss gem § 32 Abs 5 WEG 2002 s?mtliche zum Zeitpunkt der Rechtskraft verbücherten Wohnungseigentümer. Dies bewirkt einen Anwendungsfall der sog "wirkungsgebundenen" einheitlichen Streitpartei aller Gemeinschafter. Da es auf die tats?chliche Nutzung von Gemeinschaftsanlagen durch einen Wohnungseigentümer nicht ankommt, bildet ausschlie?lich deren objektive und nicht die subjektive Nutzungsm?glichkeit den Ma?stab für den vom Au?erstreitrichter festzusetzenden, von § 32 Abs 1 WEG 2002 abweichenden Aufteilungsschlüssel. Dessen Ermessensentscheidung setzt erhebliche Unterschiede in der objektiven Nutzungsm?glichkeit durch einen Wohnungseigentümer voraus.