Third molar development in a London population of White British and Black British or other Black ethnicity

Population differences in dental development between Black and White ethnic groups have been debated but not previously studied in the UK. Using inappropriate data for dental age estimation (DAE) could lead to erroneous results and injustice. Data were collected from dental panoramic radiographs of 5590 subjects aged 6–24 years in a teaching hospital archive. Demirjian stages were determined for left-sided teeth and third molars and data collected regarding hypodontia and third molar agenesis. Third molar development in self-assigned Black British, including other self-assigned Black ethnicity, was compared with that of self-assigned White British subjects. Data were compared for males and females in the two ethnic groups using T-tests for Demirjian Stages A–G of third molar development and Mann-Whitney tests for Stage H once a cut-off age at the maximum age for Stage G had been imposed. Third molar development occurred earlier in subjects of Black ancestry compared to those of White ancestry. While both ethnic groups showed large age ranges for every third molar stage, in female subjects these generally occurred at least 1.5 years earlier, and in males at least one year earlier. Hypodontia and third molar agenesis were more prevalent in White British, but the ethnic difference in third molar development persisted in subjects with complete dentitions. This is a large study that confirms ethnic differences in a London population, emphasises the difficulties of establishing the 18-year-old threshold using DAE, and confirms the risk of overestimating the age of individuals of Black ethnicity using White ethnic reference data.     

荣格与《易经》：沟通东西方文化的心理学尝试

以荣格与《易经》的互动为管,能透析荣格在其心理学体系中汲取和融合东方文化的努力。《易经》的“感而遂通天下”是荣格提出“共时性”思想的关键所在。《易经》的“阴”、“阳”对立统一反映在荣格的“原型”理论中,是其寻求文化沟通可能的共同心理基础。荣格从理性主义和实证主义的视角对《易经》进行了独特的诠释和解读,他与《易经》的对话是从心理学角度沟通东西方文化的有益尝试。     

全面深化改革的动力体系分析

改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择。改革只有进行时,没有完成时,全面深化改革是当代中国的必然选择。当前我国改革已经进入攻坚期和深水区,如何激发全社会的力量继续推进改革尤为重要。因果链条上促进社会发展的因素错综复杂,改革的动力不可能是单一的,而应该是一个多层次的动力系统。从全面深化改革的内部根本和直接推动力、理论对实践的指导动力、实践主体动力、上层建筑的反推动力四个层面对改革的动力体系进行系统的分析,对于处理当下多方面的矛盾和问题,集中各方力量全面深化改革有着极大的时代价值和实践意义。     

论法治型社会治理体制的构建——以十八届三中全会为背景

党的十八届三中全会将社会管理表述变为社会治理,是中国社会治道之变。鉴于法治是社会治理的根基,其中法治思维是社会治理基本思维模式,法治方式是现代社会的最优治理方式。所以法治型社会治理体制的构建是社会治理范式的历史性飞跃,它是民主加法治的完美组合升级版,是社会治理的简单化智慧,可挈领提纲的制度性化解问题,其终极目的是善治的达致。需明了的是,法治型社会治理模式是立足于"法律主治"的治理模式,承载着民众对生活世界幸福的美好向往,但它绝不是公民幸福的全部。     

Unusual FGA and D19S433 off-ladder alleles and other allelic variants at the STR loci D8S1132, vWA, D18S51 and ACTBP2 (SE33)

A very short FGA allele *14 and a long D19S433 allele *19.2 were detected and sequenced, as well as the new D8S1132 alleles *12.1, *14 and *15.1. Further new sequence data (vWA allele *18.3, D18S51 allele *11.2, SE33 alleles *24.2, *32, *34 and *37, including the rare variant allele *13.2) are described.     

在用汽车排放污染防治的立法管理——介绍I／M制度

分析在用车排放性能的变化规律,根据我国汽车维修制度及发展情况,提出了汽车排放污染控制的I/M制度的具体内容及必备条件。     

Zu den Voraussetzungen der Verbindungspflicht von Verfahren auf Durchführung von Erhaltungsarbeiten (§ 6 MRG) und auf Erhöhung der Mietzinse (§ 18 MRG)

Eine Verbindungspflicht nach § 6 Abs 4 MRG besteht nur dann nicht, wenn der Vermieter die Notwendigkeit einer Erh?hung der Hauptmietzinse zur Finanzierung der schon verfahrensgegenst?ndlichen und der von ihm beabsichtigten anderen Erhaltungsarbeiten nicht schlüssig darlegen kann. Nur dann (oder im Fall von privilegierten Arbeiten) ist eine Beschlussfassung nach § 6 Abs 1 MRG ohne Verbindung mit einer Entscheidung über die Erh?hung der Hauptmietzinse zul?ssig. Wird kein Widerspruch von der Mehrheit der Hauptmieter und dem Vermieter gegen die beantragten Arbeiten iSd § 6 Abs 4 Satz 1 MRG erhoben, verbleibt dem Vermieter als einzige M?glichkeit zur Abwendung der Finanzierung der verlangten Erhaltungsarbeiten aus verrechnungsfreien Geldern die Antragstellung nach den §§ 18ff MRG, wobei eben diesfalls die Verfahren zu verbinden sind und noch weitere Erhaltungsarbeiten mit einbezogen werden k?nnen. Es ist dem Vermieter aber verwehrt, ohne ein solches Vorgehen die Abweisung des Antrags nach § 6 Abs 1 MRG mit dem Argument, dass noch weitere Arbeiten erforderlich w?ren, zu erwirken.     

党的十八大以来意识形态建设的伟大创新和基本经验研究

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央把建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态摆在全局工作的重要位置,作出一系列重大决策,实施一系列重大举措,既进行了彪炳史册的创新创造,取得了极其伟大的成就,也积累了丰富的宝贵的历史经验,在实践中不断深化对意识形态建设的规律性认识,为开启全面建设社会主义现代化强国新征程提供了坚强思想保证和强大精神力量。     

论诗歌翻译及译者作用——以《归园田居》(其一)为例

文学翻译尤其是诗歌翻译,由于其特殊的写作形式和表达方式使翻译过程尤为复杂。通过对陶潜诗歌《归园田居》(其一)的意象和诗律格式在英译本中的表达呈现,分析其翻译过程中的意象失落和格式的不对等,以此说明译者在翻译活动中主体性地位的社会构建。     

The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on the Health and Labor Supply of Older Adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

Older adults are at elevated risk of reducing labor supply due to poor health, partly because of high rates of symptoms that may be alleviated by medical marijuana. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how this group responds to medical marijuana laws (MMLs). We quantify the effects of state medical marijuana laws on the health and labor supply of adults age 51 and older, focusing on the 55 percent with one or more medical conditions with symptoms that may respond to medical marijuana. We use longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate event study and differences‐in‐differences regression models. Three principle findings emerge from our analysis. First, active state medical marijuana laws lead to lower pain and better self‐assessed health among older adults. Second, state medical marijuana laws lead to increases in older adult labor supply, with effects concentrated on the intensive margin. Third, the effects of MMLs are largest among older adults with a health condition that would qualify for legal medical marijuana use under current state laws. Findings highlight the role of health policy in supporting work among older adults and the importance of including older adults in assessments of state medical marijuana laws.