日本妇女的M型就业状况问题与对策

M型就业是由于结婚生育而形成的妇女劳动力率的变化,是一些发达国家妇女就业的主要模式,其中以日本最为典型.M型就业模式强化了妇女在发展过程中的边缘化地位,不仅有悖于日本"男女共同参与社会"的基本理论,而且也不利于日本经济和社会的可持续发展.为此,日本政府颁行了一系列促进妇女就业的法律政策,力求通过营造兼顾工作和家庭的良好社会环境来促进妇女就业,收到了积极效果.     

美元的信用下降与中国的策略选择

全球经济正在经历着一场前所未有的变革,而美元则站在这场变革的前沿。可以看到,随着美元的不断贬值,美国物价上涨的速度有时会超过收入增长的速度。随着美元购买力的下跌,美国人以不变价格计算的真实收入实际上在下降,他们不得不用更多的美元去购买相同的东西,相对落后的收入增长却无法弥补价格的膨胀。在国际贸易上,美国的贸易赤字不断扩大,而且还会继续扩大,美国已成为世界最大的债务国,美国经济中的泡沫加剧了美国经济的滑坡,令人遗憾的是,美国无法就此刹车,美元的国际信用下降是不可遏制的。美元信用下降将给全球带来巨大影响,我国必须对此做出策略选择。     

Homicide and economic change: Recent analyses of the Joint Economic Committee report of 1984

The relation between recession and homicide is classic in the United States. This has been affirmed in the 1976 and 1984 Reports to the Joint Economic Committee (JEC) of the United States Congress. Recent analysis confirms the findings reported in both 1976 and 1984 and demonstrates that the influence of recession on homicide is greater than previously estimated. Differences in the 1976 and 1984 findings on homicide are related to differences in the hypotheses tested, as discussed in detail and highlighted in the 1984 report. JEC staff correctly interpreted and reported the 1984 findings. Reproduction of the 1984 homicide equation is straightforward, provided the same data and any of several standard estimation techniques are used. Evidence does not support any of Cook and Zarkin's claims in their critique of the 1984 homicide equation. The JEC report of 1984 used appropriate techniques in the attempt (a) to ensure that influences attributed to economic changes are not actually due to other social factors and (b) to minimize underspecification of models.     

从人民币汇率制度改革看中美关系的前景

经济全球化背景下中美关系的纷争不可能回避货币汇率制度。近年来在人民币汇率制度改革过程中,中美两国政府的多重多次博弈,展现出中美关系中合作与冲突的鲜明特征。只有理性地分析中美两国间的利益与分歧,才能在有限的冲突中达成合作。     

汇率制度对宏观经济的影响探析

自20世纪80年代以来,汇率制度与金融危机的关系日渐密切。汇率制度作为一种重要的金融制度,它会对一国宏观经济产生广泛而重大的影响。文章分析了固定汇率制度和浮动汇率制度对宏观经济的不同影响,得出结论:一国汇率制度的选择会受到各种经济因素的制约,因此,各国政府应根据本国国情来选择合适的汇率制度。     

试论房贷利率上调对购房者的影响及应对措施

继2004年央行加息后,2005年又单独对房地产行业的利率上调,给购房者带来了一些始料未及的影响,对消费者的心理影响将大于它的涨幅影响,促使提前还贷的人数会再次提高.     

THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT BLOCK GRANTS ON SERIOUS CRIME*

Research Summary The Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) Program was second only to the Community‐Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program in its funding levels. Some $3 billion was dispensed to local jurisdictions to reduce crime and improve public safety; yet the effects of LLEBG funding on crime have been all but ignored. Accordingly, panel data from more than 5,000 cities covering a 12‐year period (1990–2001) were collected, and index crime rates were regressed on LLEBG funding and appropriate demographic controls. Additional controls for police levels and other federal grants were also introduced, proper checks for endogeneity of grants (and police levels) were performed, and the models were subjected to an array of robustness checks. A consistent message emerged: LLEBG Program funding was associated with significant reductions in serious crime. Policy Implications Although LLEBG funding seemed to reduce serious crime, the results also revealed that the decrease did not occur through the hiring of additional police officers, even though many funds were used for that purpose. Other mechanisms were thus at work, but the data did not provide insights into what these mechanisms were. In any case, every $1 in LLEBG funding per capita was associated with approximately 59 fewer index crimes per 100,000 people. When combined with the findings from recent studies of the effects of community policing grants on crime, this study suggests additional federal support for local law‐enforcement agencies should be considered.     

磷酸川芎嗪脂质微球在大鼠鼻黏膜吸收的特性

［摘要］目的 研究磷酸川芎嗪（tetramethylpyrazine phosphate, TMPP）脂质微球在大鼠鼻黏膜吸收的特性。方法 采用大鼠鼻腔循环灌流法，考察循环液流速、TMPP溶液浓度、TMPP脂质微球浓度对鼻黏膜吸收的影响，并对TMPP脂质微球和TMPP溶液的鼻吸收水平进行比较。结果 在流速为2.0 ml/min时，TMPP脂质微球鼻黏膜吸收速率常数有最大值；在浓度为0.25～1.0 mg/ml范围内，TMPP溶剂的鼻黏膜吸收速率常数随浓度变化趋势不明显；而TMPP脂质微球的鼻黏膜吸收速率常数随浓度的增大而减小，与同浓度TMPP溶液比较，TMPP脂质微球吸收更快，鼻黏膜随时间延长吸收量更高。结论 将TMPP制备成脂质微球能促进药物在鼻黏膜的吸收。     

日本经济怎样掉进了美国设计的陷阱

在 2 0世纪末期 ,过去一帆风顺的日本经济突然停滞 ,明明是世界最大的债权国 ,却只能目瞪口呆地看着世界最大的债务国美国把自己的财富掳走。日本的经济一筹莫展 ,而美国的经济却一步一层楼。美国人通过玩弄汇率就轻而易举地减少了自己的债务负担 ,同时还扼杀了日本的国力。日本人过去几十年在国际经济关系中几乎是不折不扣地采用美国的规则 ,却遭到如此的惨败 ,令全世界都为之震惊。为此 ,我们应该深入地研究 ,及早地引起我们的注意。